研究｜李萌、高宇宁等：考虑跨国企业的全球价值链中的物质足迹

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　　Editor's Note

　　编者按

　　近日，上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院助理教授、清华大学国情研究院出站博士后李萌，清华大学公共管理学院长聘副教授、清华大学国情研究院副研究员高宇宁等在英文期刊《资源、保护与循环利用（Resources, Conservation and Recycling）》发表文章“考虑跨国企业的全球价值链中的物质足迹（Material footprints in global value chains with consideration of multinational enterprises）”。

　　过去几十年间，全球经历了前所未有的物质和自然资源采掘的高速增长。跨国企业的兴起极大地挑战了对全球价值链中物质的理解。为全面了解世界物质足迹，必须了解物质在多大程度上通过贸易和投资重新分配。文章采用了环境扩展的多区域投入产出法，并考虑跨国企业，以追踪全球价值链中体现的物质流动。研究发现，贸易的生产外包和离岸外包以及跨国企业的海外投资都助长了发展中国家对物质的开采激增。研究结果还凸显了固定资本形成在推动物质足迹增加方面的作用。可持续发展目标呼吁所有国家合作，并更加注重跨国企业的作用。

　　我们特将内容分享如下，以飨读者。

　　▋Resources, Conservation andRecycling

　　Volume 190, March 2023, 106828

　　|?Received 14September 2022

　　|?Revised 5December 2022

　　|?Accepted 6December 2022

　　|?Availableonline 28 December 2022

　　|?Version ofRecord 28 December 2022

　　Material footprints in global value chains withconsideration of multinational enterprises

　　Meng Lia,*, Bo Mengb,c,d,Yuning Gaoe, Joaquim J. M. Guilhotof,?Keying Wangd, Yong Genga

　　aSchool of Environmental Scienceand Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

　　bInstitute of DevelopingEconomies-Japan External Trade Organization, Japan

　　cThe Collaborative InnovationCenter for Emissions Trading System Co-constructed by the Province andMinistry, China

　　dHubei University of Economics,China

　　eSchool of Public Policy andManagement, Tsinghua University, China

　　fInternational Monetary Fund,United States

　　Highlights

　　? Materialsembodied in global trade and investments account for 40% of world's totalmaterial extraction.

　　? Fixed capitalformation accounts for over half of the increase in global totalmaterial footprints.

　　? Countriesare heterogeneous in terms of material footprints by GVC routes, final demandtypes and material footprints balance.

　　? TheSouth-South material flows have experienced rapid increase.

　　Abstract

　　The world has witnessed an unprecedented growth in extraction of materials and natural resources in the past few decades. The emerging of multinational enterprises has dramatically challenged the understanding of materials along Global Value Chains. To have a full picture of world material footprints, it is essential to understand to what extent materials are re-distributed by trade and investments. This study employs an Environmental-Extended multi-regional Input-Output approach with explicit consideration on multinational enterprises to trace the embodied material flows along Global Value Chains. The results show that both the outsourcing and offshoring of production by trade and the overseas investments by multinational enterprises contribute to the surging material extraction in developing countries. The results also highlight the role of fixed capital formation in driving the increase of the material footprints. The sustainable development goals call for collaboration of all nations with more focuses on the role of multinational enterprises.

　　Key Words

　　Globalvalue chains

　　Input-outputmodel

　　Materialfootprint

　　Sustainabledevelopment