2019考研英语一 ：完型填空及新题型解析（长春新东方）

　　2019考研公共课真题答案及解析>>免费领直播课 公共课 政治答案 英语一答案 英语二答案 数学一答案 数学二答案 数学三答案 　　2019考研初试12月22~24日进行，考研初试情况请(点击查看》》2019考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，新东方网考研第一时间为考生提供是2019考研英语一 ：完型填空及新题型解析，供大家参考！同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。教师解析专区|考研真题答案专区 

　　【完型填空】给英语“打好底”

　　2019年的完型填空仍旧遵循了18年的出题趋势：文章整体难度较低，词汇较为简单，易于理解，考点主要分布在：动介搭配、逻辑关系以及词汇的语义辨析。值得一提的是，19年同18年一样，几乎没有红花词的可蒙性。

　　事实上，完形填空原本一直以来在考研的题目中处于一种比较鸡肋的角色：食之无味，弃之可惜。然而，自2016年起，完型基本上处于“低走”的趋势 —— 降低了整体难度，让完型的可答性变强，属于只要好好准备就比较容易拿分的题目。

　　不过从另一方面而言，完型填空的“可答性”同时标记着另一个趋势 —— 蒙红花词的3分钟速答法不再适用了。想要在完型这一部分拿分，不能再指望蒙，而是需要实实在在地背好基础词汇，而不是像以前一样，单词大致混个眼熟就算完成任务。如近两年考核的run on(运转)、come down(患病)都属于常见词的不常见用法，简单来说，完型填空的考察趋势是：“基础词汇的深度用法”。因此，之后的考生应该着重于给考研英语“打好底”，掌握基础词汇的基本搭配和近义词的辨析。

　　【新题型】反技巧的趋势

　　对于英语一的新题型而言，一直都是题型三选一进行考察。然而，由于17年、18年均考察的是排序的题目，使得学生今年的备考重点基本都放在七选五和小标题上。但是，事实证明：新题型的出题套路确实是不可预测的，连续两年甚至更多年份考察同一个题型是大有可能的。

　　19年的排序题目考点仍旧由段与段之间的联系、以及文章整体的连贯性这两点构成。在19年的题目中，仍旧未给出文章的第一段，不过，在确定第一段的过程中，给考生设置了极大的陷阱。排序中的第一段开头“In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, now one of the bestselling books of all time, Dale Carnegie wrote,……” 大部分考生会由于在段落开头看到了“his”这个代词，认为该选项不能做第一段，但其实his的同一句中出现了人物全名Dale Carnegie，也就是his指代的并不是上一段中的某个人，而是本句话中的Dale Carnegie。因此，本篇题目中的41题选择的就是这个看似陷阱，实则引入本文话题的首段。

　　其次，在接下来的段落排序中，也颠覆了以往末句与首句相关联的原则。如41题与42题就是关联在两个段落中间都提及了“avoid argument”的话题。

　　接下来的43题是根据给定段落的末句“None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win — in one way. ”与某段首句“There is a better way to win arguments. ”两段的末-首句中均提及了“赢得争论的方式”而得出关联。

　　在43段落中谈及了如何讨论一个话题并达到了解双方观点的目的，而作为44题答案的段落首句说的是稍带转折含义的 “Of course, many discussions are not so successful.(并不是很多讨论都能如此成功) ”。

　　最后一题的答案是根据首句话的“These tools can help you win every argument”，这里的指代词These tools对应上一段落末句的“Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies. ”

　　总体而言，2019年的新题型同完型一样，文章整其他动漫体难度下降，不再遵循所谓的技巧，如两个段落的首句出现的指代词“These views of arguments”以及“These tools”都不能像以往一样根据找原词来作答。

　　很明显，考研在完型和新题型的考核上通过降低文章的难度，达到“反技巧”的目的，而对于考生而言，一味地依赖于技巧恐怕并不能带来一张满意的答卷，要拓宽视野，着眼于提高自己的英语基础能力，方能百战不殆。

　　【附2019年新题型排序原文节选】

　　41题答案：In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, now one of the bestselling books of all time, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way under high heaven to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it. Avoid it as you would avoid rattlesnakes and earthquakes.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

　　42题答案：Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one victor emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.

　　(给定选项)These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You don’t mind interrupting them. You can call their views crazy, stupid, silly or ridiculous, or you can joke about how ignorant they are, how short they are or how small their hands are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win — in one way.

　　43题答案：There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,” then you see me as selfish, and I see you as thoughtless. Neither of us learns anything, so we neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ less people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

　　44题答案：Of course, many discussions are not so successful. We cannot learn from our interlocutors if we do not listen to them patiently or do not trust them to express their real values. Constructive conversation becomes impossible—or at least much more difficult—if neither side gives any arguments or reasons for their positions. The mistaken tendency to avoid arguments, as Carnegie did, results from misunderstanding the point of argument, which is to appreciate each other and work together. The growing political polarization in the United States and around the world can, to this extent, be traced to a failure to give, expect and appreciate arguments.

　　(给定选项)None of this will be easy, but you can start even if others remain recalcitrant. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.

　　45题答案：These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

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