2015MBA等管理类联考英语解析(文都版)

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text。Choosethe best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)

　　In our contemporary culture，theprospect of communicating with-or even looking at—a stranger is virtuallyunbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with theirphones，even without a 

　　1   underground

　　It’s a sad reality—our desire toavoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2   to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it，  3  into your phone. Thisuniversal armor sends the  4  ：“Please don’t approachme。”

　　What is it that makes us feel weneed to hide  5  our screens?

　　One answer is fear, according toJon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，orthat our innocent social advances will be 

　　6  as“creep,”We fear we’II be  7  Wefear we’II be disruptive Strangers are inherently  8  tous，so we are more likely to feel  9  whencommunicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoidthis anxiety, we   10  to our phones。“Phones become our securityblanket，“Wortmann says。”They are our happy

　　glasses that protect us from whatwe perceive is going to be more 

　　11  。”

　　But once we rip off the bandaid，tuckour smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t 12   so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioralscientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do theunthinkable: Start a  13  . They had Chicago train commuters talkto their fellow  14  . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroederasked other people in the same train station to  15  howthey would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their  16  wouldbe more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they  17  with

　　the experiment, "not a singleperson reported having been snubbed。”

　　18  , these commutes werereportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makesabsolute sense,  19  human beings thrive off of socialconnections. It's that   20  : Talking to strangers can make you feelconnected。

　　1.[A] ticket               [B] permit              [C]signall            [D] record

　　2.[A] nothing               [B] link                [C]another           [D]much

　　3.[A] beaten                [B] guided              [C]plugged            [D]brought

　　4.[A] message              [B] cede               [C]notice                 [D] sign

　　5.[A] under                 [B] beyond               [C]behind               [D] from

　　6.[A] misinterprete       [B]misapplied           [C] misadjusted        [D] mismatched

　　7.[A] fired                  [B] judged              [C]replaced           [D] delayed

　　8.[A] unreasonable       [B] ungreatful            [C]unconventional      [D] unfamiliar

　　9.[A] comfortable        [B] anxious               [C]confident          [D] angry

　　10.[A] attend              [B] point                  [C]take                   [D] turn

　　11.[A] dangerous          [B] mysterious             [C] violent           [D] boring

　　12.[A] hurt                  [B] resis                [C] bend      [D] decay

　　13.[A] lecture              [B]conversation         [C] debate          [D] negotiation

　　14.[A] trainees             [B]employees           [C] researchers  [D]passengers

　　15.[A] reveal               [B] choose              [C]predictl        [D] design

　　16.[A] voyage            [B] flight                      [C]walk         [D] ride

　　17.[A] went through     [B] did away                [C] caught up          [D]put up

　　18.[A] In turn              [B] Inparticular        [C]In fact        [D] In consequence

　　19.[A] unless               [B] since              [C]if            [D] whereas

　　20.[A] funny             [B] simple        [C]Iogical                   [D] rare

　　答案：

　　1. signal            2. Much            3. plugged                 4. message                5. behind 

　　6. misinterpreted             7. judged                   8. unfamiliar             9. anxious                 10. turn 

　　11. dangerous                  12. hurt                      13. Conversation             14. passengers 

　　15. predict                          16. ride                       17. went through            18. in fact 

　　19. since                              20. simple 

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Text1

　　A new study suggeststhat contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home thanat work. Researchers measured people’s cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker.While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at whatis supposed to be a place of refuge。

　　“Further contradictingconventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels ofstress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, Infact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Whoreport being bappicr at home than at work,” Another surprise is that thefindings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so fornonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health。

　　What the study doesn’tmeasure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whetherit is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, theend of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they neverget to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they oftenare playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and thefact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustmentsfor working women, it’ s not surprising that women are more stressed at home。

　　But it’s not just agender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to bedoing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to drawan income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical ormental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。

　　On the home front,however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which thedivision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lotof tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your homecolleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal ofall electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire yourfamily. You never really get to go home from home。

　　So it’s not surprisingthat people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparentlyinfinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate。

　　21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous su rveys found thathome___________

　　[A]was an un realisticplace for relaxation

　　[B]generated more stressthan the workplace

　　[C]was an ideal placefor stress measurement

　　[D]offered greaterrelaxation than the workplace

　　22.According to Damaske，

　　who are likely to be the happiest at home?

　　[A]Working mothers

　　[B]Childless husbands

　　[C] Childless wives

　　[D]Working fathers

　　23 The blurring ofworking women's roles refers to the fact thay___________

　　[A]they are both breadwinners and housewives

　　[B]their home is also aplace for kicking back

　　[C]there is often muchhousework left behind

　　[D]it is difficult forthem to leave their office

　　24.The word“moola”(Line4，Para 4)most probablymeans___________

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　25.The home front differs from theworkplace in that_____________

　　[A]home is hardly a cozier workingenvironment

　　[B]division of labor at home isseldom clear-cut

　　[C]household tasks are generallymore motivating

　　[D]family labor is often adequatelyrewarded

　　答案：

　　21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace

　　22.B childless husbands

　　23.A they are both bread winners and housewives

　　24.C earnings

　　25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

　　Text 2

　　For years, studies havefound that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parentwith a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievementfactors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But sincesuch students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in highereducation, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more ofthem. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” achievement gap based onsocial class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming inthe journal Psychological Sciense。

　　But the article isactually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors asgrades)between first-generation and other students。

　　The authors of the paperare from different universities, and their findins are based on a studyinvolving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant forundergraduates with financial need，while this was true onlyfor 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree

　　Their thesis-that arelatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the viewthat first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but inpractical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most collegestudents They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is thegap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap。

　　Many first-gene rationstudents”struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learnthe‘rules of the game，’and take advantage of collegeresou rces,” they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’ttalk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups ofstudents Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how socialclass can affect students’ educational expe rience，manyfirst-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do notunde rstand how students’ like them can improve

　　26. Recruiting morefirst-generation students has

　　[A]reduced their dropout rates

　　[B]narrowed theachievement gao

　　[C] missed its originalpu rpose

　　[D]depressed collegestudents

　　27 The author of theresearch article are optimistic because          

　　[A]the problem issolvable

　　[B]their approach iscostless

　　[q the recruiting ratehas increased

　　[D]their finding appealto students

　　28 The study suggeststhat most first-gene ration students          

　　[A]study at privateuniversities

　　[B]are from single-parent families

　　[q are in need offinancial support

　　[D]have failed theircollage

　　29. The author of the paperbelieve that first-generation students          

　　[A]a re actuallyindifferent to the achievement gap

　　[B]can have a potentialinfluence on othe r students

　　[C] may lackopportunities to apply for resea rch projects

　　[D]are inexperienced inhandling their issues at college

　　30.We mayinfer from thelast paragraph that——

　　[A]universities oftenr~ect the culture of the middle-class

　　[B]students are usuallyto blame for their lack of resources

　　[C]social class g reatlyhelps en rich educational experiences

　　[D]colleges are partlyresponsible for the problem in question

　　答案：

　　26.C missed its original purpose

　　27.A the problem is solvable

　　28.C are in need of financial support

　　29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college

　　30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

　　Text3

　　Even in traditionaloffices，“the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuchmore emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，"said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning offexamples。“If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，wewould see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. Therewere goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，butwe didn’t talk about energy；we didn’t talk about passion。”

　　Koehn pointed out thatthis new era of corporate vocabula ry is very “team”-oriented-and not bycoincidence。“Let’s not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it’sstill a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious；it’s the idea that I’m acoach，and you’re my team，and we’re in thistogethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，butmost think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want towin"。

　　These terms a re alsointended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increaseallegiance to the firm。“You have the importation of terminology thathistorically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religiousorganizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，andpurpose，”said Khurana

　　This new focus onpersonal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly louddebates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s a re still goingon today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms likeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office andthe home But if your work is your “passion,” you’II be more likely to devoteyourself to it，even if that meansgoing home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed

　　But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but manage rs love it，companiesdepend on it，and regular peoplewillingly absorb it As Nunberg said，“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that youbuy into it。” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indiffe rent to your life andits meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to your work-andhow your work defines who you are

　　31. According to NancyKoehn, office language has become________

　　[A]more e motional

　　[B]more objective

　　[C]less energetic

　　[D]less energetic

　　[E]less strategic

　　32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________

　　[A]historical incidents

　　[B]gender difference

　　[C]sports culture

　　[D]athletic executives

　　33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________

　　[A]revive historical terms

　　[B]promote company image

　　[C]foster corporate cooperation

　　[D]strengthen employee loyalty

　　34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________

　　[A]voices for working women

　　[B]appeals to passionate workaholics

　　[C]triggers dcbates among mommies

　　[D]praises motivated employees

　　35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

　　[A]Managers admire it but avoid it

　　[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense

　　[C]Companies find it to be fundamental

　　[D]Regular people mock it but accept it

　　答案：

　　31.A more emotional

　　32.C sports culture

　　33.D strengthen employee loyalty

　　34.A voices for working women

　　35.C companies find it to be fundamental

　　Text4

　　Many people talked of the 288,000new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in theunemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now itappears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long wayto go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally movingforward at a faster pace。

　　However there is another importantpart of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump inthe number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure isnow 830,000(4,4 percent)above its year agolevel。

　　Before explaining the connection tothe Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people whowork part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time workbecause this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work isevidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will behaving a very hard time making ends meet。

　　There was an increase ininvoluntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level。

　　We know the difference betweenvoluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. Thesurvey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes。”they are classified asworking part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hoursin that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because theyhad no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if theytell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week。

　　The issue of voluntary part-timerelates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people toget insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those withserious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that providedhealth insurance。

　　However, Obamacare has allowed morethan 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or theexchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get afull-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and theirfamilies. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment andinsurance。

　　36. Which part of the jobs picturewas neglected?

　　A. The prospect of a thriving jobmarket。

　　B. The increase of voluntarypart-time jobs。

　　C. The possibility of fullemployment。

　　D. The acceleration of jobcreation。

　　37. Many people work part-timebecause they

　　A. prefer part-time jobs tofull-time jobs

　　B. feel that is enough to make endsmeet

　　C. cannot get their hands onfull-time jobs

　　D. haven' t seen the weakness ofthe market

　　38. Involuntary part-timeemployment in the US

　　A. is harder to acquire than oneyear ago

　　B. shows a general tendency ofdecline

　　C. satisfies the real need of thejobless

　　D. is lower than before therecession

　　39. It can be learned that withObamacare,         。

　　A. it is no longer easy forpart-timers to get insurance

　　B. employment is no longer aprecondition to get insurance

　　C. it is still challenging to getinsurance for family members

　　D. full-time employment is stillessential for insurance

　　40. The text mainly discusses        。

　　A. employment in the US

　　B. part-timer classification

　　C. insurance through Medicaid

　　D. Obamacare’s trouble

　　答案：

　　36.B  the increase of voluntary part-time jobs

　　37.C  cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

　　38.B  shows a general tendency of decline

　　39.B  employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

　　40.A  employment in the US

　　Some Old Truths to HelpYou Overcorne Toucgh Times

　　Uefortunately, life isnot a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlpof a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the mostinopportune time,but you should remember that they won’t last forever。

　　When our time ofmourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding andrespect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally moveas toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share theseold truths I’ve learned along the way。

　　41.                            

　　Fear is both useful andharmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling dangerand preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barrierswith a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, “Fearis not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me.Danger is very real. But fear is a choice。” I do completely agree that fearsare just the product of our luxuriant imagination。

　　42 .   If you are ??? by???     and                                 

　　43. .                            

　　Sometimes it is casy tofeel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught upby life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have.Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying andcomplaining about something。

　　44..                            

　　No matter how isolatedyou might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always rememberthat you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects andwants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life,especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friendswho provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friendsor relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of peoplewho are always willing to share advice and cncouragement。

　　45 .                            

　　Today many people findit difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivityfrom external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you areincapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achievesomething important you should believe in yourself  and be sure that your decision is the best.You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and makeyour own choices。

　　答案：

　　41.D  Most of your fears are unreal

　　42.E  Think about the resent moment

　　43.G  There are many things to be grateful for

　　44.A  you are not alone

　　45.C  Pave your own unique path

　　Section Ⅲ Translation

　　46.

　　Directions:

　　Translate the followingtext from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)

　　Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be yourcommute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you knowevery twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’seasy to lose concentration on the driving and pay littleattention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that thetrip has taken less time than it actually has。

　　This is the well-travelledroad effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel afamiliar route。

　　The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When wetravel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, timeseems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it,we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.So we assume it was  shorter。

　　参考译文：

　　想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。无论如何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。在这类旅行中，我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关注路边的风景。结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。

　　这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。

　　我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。当我们在知名的路途中行驶时，我们不必过于集中精力，时间似乎过得飞快。随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象模糊。此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。

　　Section Ⅳ Writing

　　Part A

　　47.Direerions:

　　Suppose your university is going tohost a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

　　1)briefly introduce the campactivities, and

　　2)call for volunteers。

　　Youshould write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET。

　　Do notuse your name or the name of your university。

　　Do notwrite your address。(10 points)

　　范文：

　　Notice

　　TheStudents’ Union are arranging for a summer camp for high school students tobroaden their horizon and experience different life.As there are some foreignstudents,who will also attend it,some volunteers are needed.The details are asfollows。

　　Tobegin with,the summer camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July22nd.That is to say,it will last for about one week and the theme is “Lovingyour country,Loving the world”.What is more,different kinds of activities areincluded during the camp,like knowledge competition, patriotic songs contest,drama contest and so on.Last but not least,volunteers should be those who aregood at communicating with foreigners and also take an active part inactivities。

　　Ifyou have any questions,please do not hesitate to contact us at 5678 soon。

　　Students’ Union

　　Part B

　　48.Directions:

　　Write an essay based on thefollowing chart. In your writing, your should

　　1)interpret the chart, and

　　2)give your comment。

　　You should write about 150 words onthe ANSWER SHEET。

　　范文：

　　Thepie chart provides some interesting data regarding the family expense of urbanresidents during Spring Festival in our country. As is shown above, the familyexpense during the holiday is mainly used for gifts, accounting 40 percent ofthe whole expense。

　　Obviously, such statistics regarding family expensesreflects the lifestyles of the average urban family in China. To begin with,the most expense used for buying presents suggests that Chinese people are morelikely to enjoy a lifestyle of communication during holidays, which may addmore flavor to their routine life. What’s more, it is interesting to note thaturban residents attach importance to giving others gifts, thereby devoting muchof the income to gifts for friends, relatives and family members. In addition,there is no denying in saying that the major factor responsible for thephenomenon is that urban people posses more money available for gifts thanks tothe growth of urban economy。

　　Taking above-mentioned analysis into account, we cannaturally arrive at the conclusion: as the society further develops, the trend mirroredby the table is bound to continue for a couple of years in the forthcoming future。

　　    来源：文都教育