初中英语八年级上册人教、冀教、外研、沪教版期中考试知识点汇总

栏目:成人教育  时间:2022-11-29
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  临近期中考试,同学们是否正在紧张地准备复习呢?贴心的小编特意整理了八年级英语上册期中考试知识点,只要用心背记,辅以相应的练习,相信大家考试都能取得理想的成绩的。

  人教版

  Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister

  一、短语归纳

  二、语法讲解

  形容词和副词的比较级

  1、含义

  (1)大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级。如:good-better-best。

  (2)比较级:表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。

  (3)加more/most 的情况:

  ①部分双音节和多音节词;

  ②-ed/ing结尾的词;

  ③adj+ly →adv.

  4、双写的词:一个大热天,一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服,汗湿了,很伤心。

  big;hot;fat;thin;red;wet;sad

  2、比较级基本句型:

  (1)主语+谓语动词+adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv(比较级)+ than+对比成分,具体可分为两种情况:

  ①主语+系动词+ adj.(比较级)+ than+对比成分。如:Lucy is slower than Lily.

  ②主语+实义动词+ adv.(比较级)+ than+对比成分。如:Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.

  (2)主语必须与对比成分保持一致。如:Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair)

  3、同级比较

  ...as+adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv.(原级)+as ... 如同...一样...

  否定形式:... not as/so adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv.(原级)+as ... 不如...一样...

  4、比较级+ and+比较级:越来越...

  例如:They talked more and more loudly.

  5、The+比较级...,the+比较级...:越...,就越...

  例如:The more exercise you do, the stronger you'll be.

  6、Which/Who is比较级,A or B”

  例如:Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?

  7、the+比较级+of the(two):两者中较...的一个

  例如:Of the twins, she was the more hard-working.

  8.常用the one代替单数可数名词,the ones/those代替复数名词,that代替不可数名词。

  例如:The book here is newer than the one on the desk.

  The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.

  The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.

  9、比较级前可用“数词+名词”表示确定的度量。

  例如:I am (5 years) older than him.

  The room is (3 times) as large as that one.

  注意:

  (1)原级常与very, as, so, too, quite pretty, really 等连用。

  (2)比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit等连用。

  10、Than后的比较状语结构:

  例如:He runs faster than me/ I (do).

  三、重点单词、句型

  1、tell

  (1)告诉:tell sb. sth(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ;tell sb. (not) to do sth.

  (2)辨别;识别:Can you tell the differences between the twins?

  2、though意为“然而;但是”,表示转折关系,常放于句尾,用逗号隔开,而however可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号隔开。

  例如:However, You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win.

  3、(1)look like:看起来像(外貌)

  (2)be like:像(性格,外貌)

  4、bring out

  (1)使显现;使表现出:The dress brings out the color of her skin.

  (2)bring out生产;出版:The factory brings out a new kind of car.

  (3)bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质

  5、care

  (1)(n)小心;谨慎

  例如:Cross the road with care.

  Take care! 当心/保重

  (2)介意;在乎(=mind)

  例如:I don't care what happens.

  (v)care about:关心;在意

  例如:He doesn't care about nothing people say.

  (3)care for关心;照顾= take care of=look after

  (4)喜欢;想要(否定句或疑问句)

  例如:Would you care for a cup of coffee?

  6、be there for sb. 随叫随到;不离左右。如:Parents are always there for children.

  be there to do sth. 随时准备帮助。如:She is there to work out the problem.

  7、both:两个都;用在实义动词之前,其它动词之后。

  例如:You are both too young.

  They both speak English.

  (1)Both of ...+名词复数

  如:Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。

  (2)both... and...两者都....

  反义词组:neither.. .nor...两者都不.....

  注意:all都(三者或三者以上);either两者中任意一个;every每个(三者或三者以上)

  8、Reach

  (1)到达:reach /arrive at /get to the school

  (2)伸手去拿:reach(out one's hand)for sth.

  (3)与...取得联系。例如:How can I reach you?

  (4)延伸。例如:The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。

  9、touch

  (1)(v)接触;触摸。例如:Don't touch the paint! 请勿触油漆!

  触动;感动。例如:I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。

  (2)(n)接触;联系:keep in /lose touch with sb. 与...保持/失去联系

  get in touch with sb. 与...取得联系

  10、laugh at sb. 笑话/取笑某人

  make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

  make+宾语+形容词:使某人/某事怎样

  例如:His words make us happy.

  11、make friends with sb. 与...交朋友

  It's+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语,to do sth是真正主语)

  12、The most important thing 最重要的事情

  13、That is why+陈述句式。那是....的原因

  Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

  一、短语归纳

  二、语法讲解

  形容词和副词的最高级

  1、含义

  (1)大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级。例如:badly- worse - worst

  (2)最高级:表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。

  2、最高级基本句型结构

  主语+谓语动词+the+adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv(最高级)+...

  ①主语+系动词+ the + adj.(最高级)of +同类(of all/us...)

  ②主语+实义动词+(the)+ adv. (最高级)in +范围(in China...)

  例如:Tara is the youngest of all.

  Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class.

  注意:

  (1)副词的最高级前可省略“the”。如:sit (the) most comfortably坐得最舒适

  (2)最高级前有其它的限定词时,不加“the”:my best friend

  (3)Which / Who ...+the+最高级...,A, B or C?

  e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?

  (4)one of +the最高级(形容词)+名(复数):“最...之一”。

  e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.

  (5)the +序数词+最高级(形容词)+名(单数)

  e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.

  (6)This is the最高级(形容词)+名(单数)+ that从句:

  e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen.

  这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。

  (7)主语+最高级(形容词)+名(单数):表示“非常”。

  e.g. Spring is a best season.

  3、原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换

  (1)原级与比较级的转换:

  比较级+than→ not.. .as/so...as...

  e.g. He speaks more loudly than me.

  I don't speak as/so loudly as he/him.

  2、比较级与最高级的转换:

  (在范围之内)+the+最高级→比较级+than+ any other+名词(单数)/the other+名词(复数)

  e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.

  Jim is taller than any other student in our class.

  Jim is taller than the other students in our class.

  Jim is taller than anyone else in our class.

  Jim is taller than any student/ the students in your class.

  三、重点单词、短语

  1、be up to sb.(to decide)由某人决定

  be up to (doing) sth. 胜任;适合。如:He isn't up to watching the flowers.

  2、What' up?= What' wrong?= What's the matter? 怎么了?

  what's more:另外;还有 what's worse:更糟糕的是

  3、thanks(n)感谢。如:many thanks = Thank you very much.

  thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth.

  感谢某人做某事

  4、No problem.

  (1)不客气(回答感谢)

  (2)没关系(回答道歉)

  (3)没问题(回答请求)

  5、watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意)sb. do+sth.(经常或已发生)

  watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意)sb. doing sth.(某次或正在发生)

  如:I often hear her sing.(经常发生)

  I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生)

  I saw them playing basketball yesterday. (正在发生)

  6、around the world = in the world = all over the world 全世界

  7、common

  (1)常见的;普通的。如:common knowledge常识;common people老百姓

  (2)共同的;公共的。如:common habits共同的爱好

  have sth. in common (with sb.)(与某人)在某方面有共同之处

  in common with sbhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/sth 与某人/某物在某方面一样

  8、Close

  (1)(v.)关闭;封闭close the door/road

  closed(adj.)关闭的;不公开的

  (2)(adj.)

  ①近的;接近的。例如:He is close to success. 他快要成功了。

  ②亲密的;密切的。例如:my close friend我亲密的朋友。

  (3)(adv.)接近;靠近

  He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。

  9、role

  play a role in在...扮演角色/起作用。如:play an important role in the family

  play a role of ... 扮演...角色。例如:play a role of a reporter

  Play...’s role well 扮演...角色演得好。例如:play Muan's role well

  10、prize

  win the first prize获得一等奖

  win the prize for the best actor获得最佳演员奖

  The prize goes to sb. 奖项颁给某人。例如:The prize goes to Jim.

  11、make up

  (1)伪造;编造I made up a story as I went along. 我现场编了一个故事。

  (2)(为)化妆;打扮The performers are making themselves up.

  (3)组成;构成Girls make up 45% of the students.

  (4)make up for 弥补;补偿。例如:You should do something to make up for your mistake.

  12、give sb. a way to do sth. 给某人提供一个做.. .的方式。

  13、talent

  (1)be talented in:在...有天赋

  例如:She is talented in music.

  (2)have a talent for (doing) sth. 有....的天赋

  例如:He has a talent for painting.

  14、poor

  (1)贫穷的;可怜的。例如:She is such a poor girl that she can't buy a toy.

  (2)糟糕的;质量差的。例如:

  I'm poor in English.

  He is in poor health.

  Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

  一、短语归纳

  二、重点单词、短语

  1、plan

  (1)(n)计划

  make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth.制定计划做...

  make a plan for sth. 为...制定计划。如:make a plan for your trip.

  (2)(v)计划;打算:plan (to do) sth. 如:plan (to have) a trip (planning; planned)

  2、stand

  (1)站立:stand up

  (2)代表:stand for sth. 例如:Our flag stands for our country.

  (3)容忍(否):can't stand (doing) sth. 例如:I can't stand telling lies.

  3、think

  think of

  (1)认为;以为。如:What do you think of sitcoms?

  (2)想起;记得。如:I can't think of his name now.

  (3)考虑;关心。如:Lei Feng always thought of other people first.

  (4)想一想;想象。如:Think of the past you'll feel happier.

  think about:考虑。如:He is thinking about going on vacation.

  think highly/lightly of sb. /sth.:对...评价甚高,重视;轻视,看轻

  例如:Mr. Black thinks highly of his students.

  think out:想出(= come up with= think up) 例如:think out a plan

  think over ....:仔细考虑....如:Let me think it over.

  think twice:慎重考虑;三思而后行。例如:You'd better think twice about going there alone.

  4、mind

  (1)(n.)头脑;想法;心思

  例如:Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。

  (v.)注意;留心。如:

  Mind your head当心别碰头!

  Mind your own business.别管闲事。

  (2)介意;反对(否定句,疑问句,条件状语从句)例如:Would you mind opening the window?

  keep... in mind 记住... make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做....

  change one's mind改变想法 be of /in two minds犹豫不决

  out of one's mind失去理智 to my mind依我看

  Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.?你介意...吗?

  never mind:没关系(回答道歉:sorry);别担心(用于安慰对方:I broke the cup.)

  5、hope

  (1)(n.)希望。例如:He never gave up his hope.

  (v.)希望:...hope to do sth. ;... hope +that从句

  I hope so. 我希望如此。

  I hope not. 我不希望如此。

  6、wish

  (1)但愿(虚拟):.. .wish +that从句。例如:I wish that I were a bird.

  (2)希望:...wish (sb.) to do sth. 例如:Do you really wish me to go?

  (3)祝愿:wish +sb.+ adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/n. 例如:wish you success; wish you a happy New Year.

  7、find

  (1)找到;发现。例如:I found a wallet lying on the ground. 我发现一只钱包掉在地上。

  (2)认为;发觉。例如:I found it necessary to take exercise.

  (3)find out:查明;弄清楚。例如:You'd better find out who broke the window.

  look for:寻找。

  例如:They looked for it everywhere, but they didn't find it.

  8、go on

  (1)发生(happen):What's going on here?

  (2)进展:How did you go on in your study? 你的学习进展得怎么样?

  (3)继续同一件事:go on doing sth. = go on with sth.

  例如:It will go on raining all day.

  (4)停止正在做的事情,进行另一件事:go on to do sth.

  例如: Stop reading. Let's go on answer the question.

  9、discussion(n);discuss(v)

  have a discussion about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论.....

  have a discussion with sb.= discuss with sb.与.....讨论

  10、follow

  (1)跟随

  例如:I followed her up the step. 我跟着她上了楼梯。

  (3)遵循;服从(命令;规则等)

  例如:Follow my advice.

  (3)沿着...前进

  例如:Follow the road to the bridge.

  (4)理解;听清楚(sb)

  例如:You speak too fast for me to follow.

  11、happen

  (1)发生(go on):What happened to you? = What's wrong with you?

  (2)巧遇/偶然做...

  例如:I happened to be out when you called. 你给我打电话时我正好不在家。

  12、expect

  (1)期望;盼望:expect sthhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/that+ 从句

  例如:I expect the result.

  (2)expect (sb. )to do sth.

  例如:I expect (you) to win the game.

  (3)预料;认为

  例如:I expect that he will come soon.

  I expect so. 我认为如此

  I expect not.= I don't expect. 我不认为如此

  13、learn... from...:从... 中学到....

  learn from .... :向...学习

  14、famous

  (1)be famous for...因(技能;特色)出名

  例如:Edison was famous for his inventions .

  (2)有名的;著名的be famous as....因(身份、产地)出名

  例如:He is famous as a magician.

  15、appear

  (1)出现;(演员)出场:My friend didn't appear until 6 o'clock.

  (2)(书刊等)出版:His new book will appear next week.

  (3)似乎;好像(seem):He appears (to be) serious.

  16、come out

  (1)出来;花开;发芽:It's wonderful to watch the stars come out at night.

  (2)(书刊、产品等)上市;发行:His new record(唱片) came out last week.

  (3)(秘密、真相)传出;大白:The truth will come out sooner or later.

  17、rich 有钱的;丰富的

  例如:He is rich in experience. 他经验丰富。

  18、success(n.)成功——succeed(v.)取得成功——successful(adj.)/ successfully(adv.)成功的

  19、reason:理由

  the reason for (doing) sth.做某事的理由

  20、try

  (1)try to do sth. 尽力做...

  例句:I try to solve the problem by myself. 我尽力自己解决问题。

  (2)try doing sth. 尝试做...

  例句:He tried opening the door, but he failed.

  (3)have a try:试一试

  (4)try on试穿(衣、鞋等)

  (5) try out测试(机器);试用(某人)

  21、any

  (1)无论哪个(肯定句)You can ask me any question at any time.

  (2)任何一个/一些(条件状语从句):If you have any problem, please tell me.

  (3)若干;一些(否定句、疑问句):Are there any messages for me?

  22、danger(n.)——dangerous(adj.)危险的

  in danger 处于危险中

  out of danger摆脱危险

  23、luck(n.)运气——lucky(adj.)幸运的——unlucky(adj.)不幸的——luckily(adv.)幸运地——unluckily(adv.)不幸地

  good luck祝你好运(事前);bad luck真倒霉(事后)

  24、lose

  (1)失去;丢失:lose the way迷路

  (2)输掉(比赛):lose the game输掉比赛;lose to sb输给某人

  25、ready愿意的;准备好的

  be ready to do sth准备/乐于做...

  be ready for sth.为...做准备

  get ready to do sthhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/ for sth.(为)准备(做...)

  26、dress

  (1)(n.)女裙;礼服

  (2)(vi.)穿衣:She dresses casually. 她穿着随意。

  (3)(vt)给...穿衣:The little girl can dress herself.

  dress up:化妆;打扮

  dress up as sb. 化妆成某人

  be /get dressed (in...)穿...衣服

  take one's place = take the place of sb. 代替;替换

  take place:发生(happen)

  冀教版

  Unit 3 Families Celebrate Together

  Lesson 13

  一、必背单词

  1. celebrate v. 庆祝→celebration n. 庆祝

  2. round adj.& adv. 圆的;周而复始地

  3. however adv. 然而;不过

  4. wonder v. 好奇;想知道

  5. thanksgiving n. 感恩节

  二、必背短语

  Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节

  三、必背句子

  1. We will watch the moon that night and look for Chang'e. 那晚我们将赏月并寻找嫦娥。

  2. In the story a beautiful lady named Chang'e lives on the moon. 在故事中,一位叫嫦娥的美丽女士住在月球上。

  3. We will have seven-day holiday! 我们将有一个七天的假期!

  4. Thank you for the e-mail! 谢谢你的电子邮件!

  5. Have fun on your birthday, Li Ming! 祝你生日那天玩得高兴,李明!

  Lesson 14

  一、必背单词

  1. past n. 过去;昔日;过去的事情& prep. 晚于;在.....之后→walk/go past经过

  2. record v. 录像;录音&n. 记录;记载→break the record打破纪录

  3. lively adj. 生动有趣的;充满活力的→alive活着的→live现场的,直播的→living健在的

  4. birth n. 出生;生育→give birth to生,生产

  5. touch n. &v. 接触;联系→keep/stay in touch with与....接触,与......有/保持联系

  6. choose v. 选择

  7. attend v. 参加;出席

  8. memory n. 回忆;记忆;记忆力

  9. view n. 观点,想法

  二、必背短语

  1. such as例如

  2. too...to...太...不能....

  3. add...to...把....加入.....

  4. face to face面对面

  三、必背句子

  1. It's never too late to start an album of family photos. 开始做家庭相册永远都不算晚。

  2. Cameras are useful for recording videos of the family. 相机对于录制家庭录像是有用的。

  Lesson 15

  一、必背单词

  1. size n. 尺寸;大小

  2. fit v. 合适;合身

  3. anyway adv. 无论何时

  4. style n. 款式

  二、必背短语

  try on试穿

  三、必背句子

  1. I don't think Li Ming would like that jacket anyway. 我想李明无论如何都不会喜欢那件夹克的。

  2. He gets another jacket. 他拿来另一件夹克。

  3. I think he's the same size as Brian. 我认为他和布赖恩是同样的尺寸。

  Lesson 16

  一、必背单词

  1. conversation n. 对话,交谈→have a conversation with sb. 与....谈话

  2.hug n.&v.拥抱

  3. meal n.(一)餐;(一顿)饭食

  4. gathering n. 聚会;集会

  5. dessert n. 甜点

  二、必背短语

  give sb. a big hug给某人一个热情的拥抱

  三、必背句子

  1. Are my cousins coming tonight? 今晚我的堂兄弟姐妹来吗?

  2. It was a fun and lively evening with a big meal, delicious desserts, lots of games and good conversation.

  这是一个有趣而又有活力的晚上:有大餐,有美味的甜点,大家做了许多游戏,并且进行了密切的交谈。

  Lesson 17

  一、必背单词

  1. post v. 邮寄→post sth.to sb. 把某物寄给某人

  2. yet adv. 还;仍旧(用于否定句中)→already已经(用于肯定句中)

  3. top n.顶部;上面→at/on the top 0f在.....的顶端

  4. thirteenth num. &adj.& adv. 第十三(的)→thirteen十三

  5. address n. 地址

  6. stamp n. 邮票

  二、必背短语

  1. best wishes to. .. 给...最美好的祝福

  2. have no luck未能如愿;不走运

  三、必背句子

  1. Jenny passes him her card. 詹妮把她的贺卡递给他。

  2. They mean the same thing. 两个单词意思是一样的。

  Lesson 18

  一、必背单词

  1. postman n. 邮递员;邮差→postmen(复数)

  2. deep adj. 深的 →deeply adv. 深地

  3. blow v. 吹→ blow out吹灭

  4. balloon n. 气球

  5. candle n. 蜡烛

  6. fashion n. 时尚

  7. breath n. 吸气;(呼吸的)空气

  二、必背短语

  1. turn off关掉

  2. make a wish许愿

  3. blow out吹熄;吹灭

  三、必背句子

  1. I laughed and laughed when I saw it. 看到它我就笑个不停。

  2. She turned off the light and my father carried the cake into the room. 她关了灯,我爸爸端着蛋糕走进了房间。

  3. Then I took a deep breath and blew out the candles immediately. 然后我深吸了一口气立即吹灭了蜡烛。

  Unit 4 My Neighbourhood

  Lesson 19

  一、必背单词

  1. perfect adj. 美好的;完美的一→perfectly adv. 完美地;完全地

  2. complete v. 完成;结束→ finish 完成

  3. thirsty adj. 口渴的

  二、必背句子

  1. Both Li Ming and Wang Mei are drawing a map of a perfect neighbourhood.

  李明和王梅都在画一个理想社区的地图。

  2. She won't have to go far. 她就不必走远了。

  3. I also added a Canadian restaurant to complete my map.

  我还加了一家加拿大的饭店来完成我的地图。

  Lesson 20

  一、必背单词

  1. biscuit n. 饼干

  2. bakery n. 面包店

  二、必背短语

  go past/by 走过/路过

  三、必背句子

  1. Jenny and Brian are on their way to school. 詹妮和布赖恩在去上学的路上。

  2. He is pointing to the right. 他正指着右边。

  Lesson 21

  一、必背单词

  1. entrance n. 入口;进入→ at the entrance of ... 在....的入口处

  2. through prep. 穿过 →cross v. 穿过→ across prep. 通过

  3. himself pron. 他自己

  4. downtown adv. 城市商业中心或市中心

  5. coffee n. 咖啡

  6. cherry n. 樱桃

  7. sidewalk n. 人行道

  二、必背短语

  be/get lost 迷路;走失

  三、必背句子

  1. Turn right at the second crossing. 在第二个路口向右拐。

  2. Danny wrote out the directions for Brian on a piece of paper because Brian doesn't know the way to the movie theatre.

  丹尼为布赖恩把路线写在了一张纸上,因为布赖恩不认识去电影院的路。

  Lesson 22

  一、必背单词

  1. chat v. 闲聊;闲谈;聊天→chatted (过去式)

  2. block n. 街道;栋

  3. bank n. 银行

  4. whole adj. 整个的;完全的

  5. cost v.花费

  6. pond n. 池塘

  7. freeze v. 冻僵;结冰

  二、必背句子

  Sometimes I sit for the whole afternoon and do my homework.

  有时我整个下午坐在那儿做作业。

  Lesson 23

  一、必背单词

  1. sound v. 听起来& n. 声音→ sound like 听起来像

  2. interview v. &n. 面试;采访

  3. fix v. 修理;维修

  4. treat n. 美食;款待

  5. tailor n. 裁缝

  6. enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的

  二、必背短语

  be busy doing sth. 忙于做.....

  三、必背句子

  1. Our teacher asked us to interview people about their jobs.

  我们的老师让我们对人们的工作进行采访。

  2. It was warm inside and full of yummy treats.

  里面暖和并有很多美味的小吃。

  3. There were many delicious smells in the bakery but my favourite was the smell of fresh bread.

  面包店里有许多宜人的味道,但是我最喜欢新鲜面包的气味。

  Lesson 24

  一、必背单词

  1. mile n. 英里

  2. across prep. 橫过....;从...一边到另一边

  二、必背短语

  have the flu感冒

  三、必背句子

  1. This week, I got to know my neighbourhood. 本周,我逐渐了解了我住的街区。

  2. Across from the bookstore, there's a beautiful park. 在书店对面有个漂亮的公园。

  外研社版

  Module 4 Planes, ships and trains

  一、必记单词

  1、road n. 路(尤指)公路

  2、except prep. 除....之外

  3、journey n. 旅行;旅程

  4、outside prep. 在....之外

  5、however adv. 然而;但是

  6、accident n. 交通事故;意外事件

  7、crowded adj. 拥挤的;人数过多的

  8、book v. 预订

  9、choice n. 选择

  10、cost (v.)价钱为;花费;(n.)价钱;成本;代价

  二、短语归纳

  1. by bike骑自行车

  2. far from远离

  3. road accident公路上的交通事故

  4. as well也

  5. get crowded变得拥挤

  6. have a great trip旅途愉快

  7. take a plane乘飞机

  三、经典句型

  1. What happened? 发生什么了?

  2. Then what about going by bike? 那么骑自行车去怎么样?

  3. He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.

  他住的离学校最远,因此他坐地铁去上学。

  4. What's the best way to get there? 到这那里的最佳方式是什么?

  5. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there. 你花费大约12个小时到那里。

  四、用法集萃

  1. What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?

  2. plan to do sth. 计划做某事

  3. It's best to do sth. 最好做某事

  4. have to do sth. 必须做某事

  5. would like to do sth. 想要做某事

  6. It's+形容词+to do sth. 做某事是...的。

  7. the+比较级,the+比较级 越....越....

  8. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。

  五、语法

  形容词最高级

  (1)规则变化:

  类别

  构成方法

  原级

  最高级

  单音节词和少

  数双音节词

  一般直接加-est

  long

  tall

  longest

  tallest

  不发音的e结尾时加-st

  late

  large

  latest

  largest

  辅音字母加y结尾时把y变成i,再加-est

  easy

  happy

  easiest

  happiest

  重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-est

  big

  hot

  biggest

  hottest

  多音节词和部

  分双音节词

  在原级前加most

  careful

  beautiful

  most careful

  most beautiful

  在原级前加least

  important

  useful

  least important

  least useful

  (2)不规则变化:

  原级

  最高级

  good/well(身体好的)

  best

  many/much

  most

  bad/ill

  worst

  little

  least

  far

  farthest(最远的)

  Furthest(最大程度)

  old

  oldest

  eldest(较年长的)

  (3)形容词最高比较级用法

  ①表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。(of表示同范围,in表示不同范围)

  e.g. He is the strongest of the three boys. 在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。

  Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。

  ②表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C”结构。

  e.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

  哪个城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州?

  ③表示....之一,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

  e.g. Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

  ④形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最....”。

  e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。

  ⑤形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。

  e.g. This is our last lesson today. 这是我们今天的最后一节课。

  ⑥形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

  e.g. Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。

  =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

  =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

  =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

  Module 5 Lao She Teahouse

  一、必记单词

  1、actress n. 女演员

  2、show n. &v. 展示;表演

  3、end(时间的)最后一段;末尾;结束

  4、common普通的;一般的

  5、novel n. (长篇)小说

  6、if如果;若

  7、offer 提议;提出

  8、teahouse(尤指亚洲的)茶馆

  9、act一幕

  10、describe 描写;描述

  11、beginning(一段时间的)开始;起初

  12、magic 魔术的;戏法的

  二、短语归纳

  1. in the end最后,终于

  2.be famous for... 因...而出名

  3. would like想要

  4. the beginning of... ...的开头

  5. send sb. to sp. 把某人送到某地

  6. be named被命名为

  7. give a warm welcome 热情欢迎. ..

  8. take place发生

  三、经典句型

  1. He's especially famous for his play Teahouse. 他尤其以他的话剧《茶馆》而著名。

  2. Teahouse is one of Lao She's most famous plays. 《茶馆》是老舍最著名的话剧之一。

  3. Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.

  老舍茶馆热情欢迎来自全世界的每一个人。

  四、用法集萃

  1. want to do sth. 想要做某事

  2. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

  3. plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事

  4. hope to do sth. 希望做某事

  5. Let's do sth. 让我们做某事吧。

  6. Why don't we do sth.? 我们为什么不做某事呢?

  7. make sb. / sth+形容词 使某人/某物处于...状态

  8. It is+形容词+to do sth. 做某事是......的。

  五、语法

  1.offer

  (1)做动词,意思是“提供;提议;提出”。常用的搭配:

  ①offer sth. 提供某物

  ②offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人

  ③offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

  (2)做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of/to do sth)

  2.show做及物动词,意为“展示;显示;给.....看”。show后可接双宾语。

  ①show sb. sth. 或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物

  ①show sb. sth. 或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物

  注意:在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时,只能用“show it(them) to sb. ”结构。

  ②表示“带领”时,常构成短语show sb. to sp.,意 为“带某人去....”。show sb. around意为“带某人参观”。

  ③show+ that+从句 看出或者显示说明.....

  此外,show还可用作名词,意为“展览;陈列;演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈列,展览”。

  3.If引导的条件状语从句

  ①定义:在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。常见的if条件状语从句表示在某种条件下,某事很可能发生。紧跟在if后面的句子是从句。

  另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。

  ②学习小窍门:

  if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;

  条件句放在前,逗号要放句中间。

  条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;

  条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。

  ③if 当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句。

  注意:if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时。

  4.动词不定式

  (1)动词不定式的含义

  连续出现了两个动词,且行为动词后的动词采用了“to+动词原形”的结构,我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“not to do”。

  (2)动词不定式作宾语的用法

  动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。

  在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同。

  常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like,

  love等。

  口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)

  想要学习早打算(want, learn, plan)

  快准备有希望(prepare, hope, wish, expect)

  同意否供选择(agree, offer, choose)

  决定了已答应(decide, determine, promise)

  注意:某些及物动词可用-ing,也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同。

  Module 6 Animals in danger

  一、必记单词

  1、Snake 蛇

  2、interested 关心的;感兴趣的

  3、wild 野生的;野生环境

  4、grow(逐渐)变得;生长

  5、peace 和平;太平

  6、research 研究;探讨

  7、scientist 科学家

  8、feed喂养;饲养

  9、nature大自然;自然界

  10、symbol 象征;标志

  11、danger 危险;危害

  12、allow 允许;准许

  13、protect 保护;保卫

  14、enough 足够的;充分的

  15、raise 筹集(钱款);抚养、养育

  16、situation 形势;情况

  17、produce 生育;繁殖

  18、government 政府

  19、develop 研制;制定

  二、短语归纳

  1. in danger处于危险中

  2. be interested in对....感兴趣

  3. think of想起

  4. take away拿走;带走

  5. look after照顾;照料

  6. find out找出;发现;查明

  7. many kinds of许多种

  8. set up建立;创立

  三、经典句型

  1. But I am more interested in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people to get closer to them.

  但我对卧龙熊猫保护区更感兴趣,因为那儿允许人们接近它们。

  2.It's sad to think of the pandas and other animals in danger.

  想起熊猫和其他濒危动物就让人伤心。

  3. Let's find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible.

  让我们弄清楚我们还能做什么来尽可能多地拯救动物?

  四、用法集萃

  1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  2. need to do sth. 需要做某事

  3. there be+ 主语+doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事

  4. would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

  5. stop... (from) doing sth. 阻止...做某事

  6. ask sb. (not)to do sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事

  7. It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth. 某人做某事是....的。

  8. in order to do sth. 为了做某事

  五、语法

  1. 形容词变成副词的规律:

  一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如:quick- quickly;slow- slowly;loud-loudly;

  sudden- -suddenly 等。

  特殊情况:

  构成方法

  例子

  一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly。

  happy- happily,

  angry- angrily

  有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y。

  possible- possibly

  terrible- terribly

  少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。

  true - truly

  polite - politely

  wide - widely

  以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly,而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。

  careful - carefully

  useful - usefully

  full - fully

  副词修饰行为动词。

  常考的形容词和副词辨析有:hard努力——hardly 几乎不;late 迟的,晚的——lately 近来;deep深的——deeply 深深地;near靠近——nearly 差不多;wide宽的——widely 广泛地;high高的——highly 高度地;close 靠近的——closely 密切地;free免费的——freely 自由地

  2. -ing 形容词和-ed形容词的区别:

  -ing形容词:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物。

  -ed形容词:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用于“sb. + -ed形容词+介词”结构。

  3.动词不定式

  (1)不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

  (2)不定式的句法作用:

  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。

  ①作宾语

  注意:

  a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,如:would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。

  b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。

  ②作宾语补足语:动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

  注意:动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to。“had better, would rather”后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。

  但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to。

  ③作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了.....”。它可置于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。

  注意:不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。

  沪教版

  Unit3 Computer

  一、必背词汇及短语

  (1)必记单词

  (2)重点词组

  (3)重点句子

  1. What were the first computers like? 最初的计算机怎么样?

  2. What do you think of the computers, Frank? 弗兰克,你认为计算机怎么样?

  3. How much time do you spend playing computer games every week?

  每周你花多少时间玩电脑游戏?

  4. Can I help you, sir? 先生,你要买点什么?

  二、语法

  形容词的比较级和最高级

  (一)形容词

  1、形容词的定义:形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。

  2、形容词的用法:

  (1)作定语,一般放在名词之前,不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等之后。

  (2)作表语,放在系动词的后面。系动词主要有以下四种:

  ①be动词:am/is/ are ; was /were

  ②感官动词:look/ taste/sound/smell/feel

  ③变化动词:become/get/turn/go

  ④保持类:keep, stay, remain

  注意:look做实意动词后面加介词/副词时,要用副词来修饰。如:look at the dog carefully.

  (3)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。常用句型make/think/find/keep...+宾语+形容词。

  3. 某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。

  常见的形容词有:good / bad, rich / poor, young / old, deaf / blind, black / white,living / dead等。

  4.用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时,一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面,起进一步解释的作用。

  5.多个形容词作修饰名词时,其顺序如下:

  限定词(指示代词、冠词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色)——材料。

  (二)比较级/最高级变化规则

  1、规则变化

  (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er, est构成比较级和最高级。

  情况

  构成方法

  原级

  比较级

  最高级

  一般情况

  加-er或-est

  new

  long

  newer

  longer

  newest

  longest

  以不发音e结尾的词

  加-r或-st

  fine

  late

  finer

  later

  finest

  latest

  以“辅音+y”结尾的词

  变y 为i再加-er或-est

  early

  happy

  earlier

  happier

  earliest

  happiest

  重读闭音节的

  先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est

  fat

  hot

  fatter

  hotter

  fattest

  hottest

  (2)两个音节或两个以上音节的,在原级前加more/most。

  原级

  比较级

  最高级

  useful(有用的)

  more useful

  most useful

  difficult(困难的)

  more difficult

  most difficult

  delicious(美味的)

  more delicious

  most delicious

  2、不规则变化(两好两坏两多一少一老一远)

  原级

  比较级

  最高级

  good好的

  better更好的

  best最好的

  well好的;(身体)好的

  bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地

  worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的

  worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的

  ill(身体)不舒服的

  many许多的(可数)

  more更多的;更

  most最多的;最

  much许多的(不可数);非常

  little少的

  less更少的

  least最少的

  old老的

  older更老的

  oldest最老的

  elder更年长的

  eldest最年长的

  far远的;远地

  farther更远的;更远地

  farthest最远的,最远地

  further进一步的(地)

  furthest最深刻的(地)

  (三)形容词原级用法

  (1)A+谓语+ as+ adj. /adv. 原级+as+B:表示“A和B一样.....”。

  (2)A+谓语+(倍数)+ as+ adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv. 原级+as+B:表示“A是B的几倍....”

  (3)A+谓语否定形式(not) +as (so) + adjhttp://baijiahao.baidu.com/adv. 原级+ as+ B:表示“A 不如B....”。否定形式可用比较级进行句型转换。

  (4)as soon as possible /as soon as you can:尽可能地快;as well as 和..一样好;也,又

  (四)比较级用法

  (1)...+ 比较级+ than...

  Which/who is+ (the)比较级,A or B?

  倍数+比较级+ than...

  (2)“比较级and 比较级(单音节词)”或者“more and more +原级(多音节词)”表示越来越...

  (3)The+比较级....,the +比较级.... 表示“越...越...”

  (4)比较级前可用much, even, far, a bit, a little等来修饰;原级前可用very, too, so, enough, rather, quite等修饰。切记不能用more来修饰比较级,more本身的构成多音节形容词的比较级。

  (五)最高级用法

  (1)the+最高级+由of/ in构成的表示范围的介词短语,表示“在...最...”

  (2)one of the +最高级+名词复数,表示“最...之一”

  (3)the+序数词+最高级:表示某个范围内在“第几位”

  注意:形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰词时,则不用定冠词the。

  Unit 4 Inventions

  一、必背词汇及短语

  (1)必记单词

  (2)重点词组

  举报/反馈

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