《论语.公冶长第五》原文注释翻译与解读

　　【原文】颜渊、季路侍。【译文】颜渊和子路陪伴站在孔子的身边。When Yan Yuan and Jilu were in attendance,【原文】子曰：“盍各言尔志？”【译文】孔子说：“我们何不各自谈谈自己的志向？”the Master said to them, “Why don’t each of you tell me your ideals?”【原文】子路曰：“愿车马、衣轻裘与朋友共，敝之而无憾。”【译文】子路说：“我愿意把自己的车、马、衣、裘（皮衣）与朋友共同享用，即使使用坏了，也不会感到遗憾和怨恨。”Jilu answered, “I am willing to share my carriages and horses, robes and light furs with my friends. Even if they were damaged or worn-out, I would not have any regrets.”【原文】颜渊曰：“愿无伐善，无施劳。”【译文】颜渊说：“我希望自己做了好事不张扬，有了辛苦的事也不推给别人。”Yan Yuan answered, “I hope not to brag about my good traits, nor boast about my efforts in the service of others.”【原文】子路曰：“愿闻子之志！”Jilu then said, “We would like to hear our Master’s ideals too.”【原文】子曰：“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。”【译文】孔子说：“我希望老年人能得到安养，朋友之间能够诚信相待，年少的人都能得到照顾。”The Master replied, “I wish to bring comfort to the elderly, to be faithful to my friends, and to cherish the young.”

　　二、整篇翻译

　　【原文】颜渊、季路侍。子曰：“盍各言尔志？” 子路曰：“愿车马、衣轻裘与朋友共，敝之而无憾。” 颜渊曰：“愿无伐善，无施劳。” 子路曰：“愿闻子之志！” 子曰：“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。”

　　【译文】颜渊和子路陪伴站在孔子的身边。孔子说：“我们何不各自谈谈自己的志向？”子路说：“我愿意把自己的车、马、衣、裘（皮衣）与朋友共同享用，即使使用坏了，也不会感到遗憾和怨恨。”颜渊说：“我希望自己做了好事不张扬，有了辛苦的事也不推给别人。” 子路说：“我想听听老师的志向。”孔子说：“我希望老年人能得到安养，朋友之间能够诚信相待，年少的人都能得到照顾。”

　　【英文】When Yan Yuan and Jilu were in attendance, the Master said to them, “Why don’t each of you tell me your ideals?”

　　Jilu answered, “I am willing to share my carriages and horses, robes and light furs with my friends. Even if they were damaged or worn-out, I would not have any regrets.”Yan Yuan answered, “I hope not to brag about my good traits, nor boast about my efforts in the service of others.”

　　Jilu then said, “We would like to hear our Master’s ideals too.”The Master replied, “I wish to bring comfort to the elderly, to be faithful to my friends, and to cherish the young.”

　　【解读】此章的评论朱熹的评价十分到位，朱熹说：“观子路、颜子、孔子之志，皆是与物共者也。才与物共，便是仁。然有大小之别：子路，求仁者也；颜子，不违仁者也；孔子，安仁者也。求仁者是有志于此理，故其气象高远，可以入道，然犹自车马轻裘上做功夫。颜子则就性分上做功夫，能不私其己，可谓仁矣。然未免于有意，只是不违仁气象。若孔子，则不言而行，不为而成，浑然天理流行而不见其迹，此安仁者也。（《朱子语类》卷二十九）”

　　这一章师徒三人，要知道颜渊是孔门德行科的高材生，子路是孔门政事科的高材生。是孔子和他最优秀的学生的谈话。场景使人倍感温馨，孔子俨然是一位典型的良师益友。子路侠肝义胆，乐善好施；颜渊是仁者之风，不自夸，不施劳；孔子是“圣人”，博施于民而能济众。朱熹注：“夫子安仁，颜渊不违仁，子路求仁”，这是三人的不同点，相同之处是都没有私吝之心，只是程度高下不同而已。