24考研题源外刊阅读《今日心理学》双语精读版训练--火爆全网的ChatGPT为什

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　　全文字数：1621字

　　阅读时间：15分钟

　　上期翻译答案

　　Though Ekl?f tells us that these Tristan-and-Isolde-like creaturesare threatened bythe confusing presence of artificial light and that moths play a crucial role as pollinators (“something of invaluable importance for keeping our ecosystem intact and thriving”), what one recalls is the plaintive doom of their couplings.

　　尽管Ekl?f告诉我们，这些特里斯坦与伊索尔德式的生物被人造光源所困扰，生存受到了威胁，而飞蛾作为传粉者扮演着至关重要的角色(“这种生物对我们的生态系统保持完整和繁荣具有不可估量的重要性”)，但人们回忆起的，是它们的配偶悲惨的命运。

　　《本期内容》

　　双语阅读

　　I asked ChatGPT: “How is Plato's Cave like Zhuangzi's dream of being a butterfly?” To my amazement, it quickly generated a one-page essay that accurately describes Plato’sallegoryabout people trapped in a cave where they only see shadows on a wall, and recounts the story about the Chinese philosopher who wondered if he was a man dreaming he was a butterfly or a butterfly dreaming he was a man. Even more amazingly, the essay explained how both stories concern perception, reality, and enlightenment. I have similarly been impressed by other answers to questions both deep and mundane.

　　我问ChatGPT：“柏拉图的洞穴和庄周梦蝶有什么相似之处?”令我惊讶的是，它很快生成了一页纸长的文章，准确地描述了柏拉图的寓言，人们被困在洞穴里，只能看到墙上的影子，还讲述了这位中国哲学家想知道“是人梦到变成蝴蝶，还是蝴蝶梦到变成人”的故事。更令人惊讶的是，这篇文章还解释了这两个故事如何都涉及到认知、现实和思想启蒙等内容。它对于其他深奥或务实性的问题的回答，也同样令我感到惊讶。

　　Many other users have noticed that ChatGPT makes idiotic mistakes, which result from the following flaws: ChatGPT merely predicts the next thing it could say without any causal model of how the world actually works. It has sophisticatedsyntaxwith no semantic connection with reality, making it incapable of explaining why things happen. Unlike responsible human communicators, ChatGPT has no accuracy goals and can easily be tricked into generating vast amounts of misinformation.

　　很多其他用户注意到了ChatGPT会犯一些愚蠢的错误，源于以下缺陷：ChatGPT只能预测下一步它可以预测的事，但缺少任何世界实际运行方式的因果模型。它拥有复杂的计算机语法，但没有与现实产生相关语义，导致它无法解释事情发生的原因。与负责任的人类交流者不同，ChatGPT没有准确性这个目标，很容易被欺骗进而产生大量的错误信息。

　　ChatGPT is also lacking in ethical principles about telling the truth, avoiding harm to people, and treating people equally. ChatGPT does not disclose its sources. Evaluating information requires examining the reliability and motives of its sources, but ChatGPT merely givesoracularpronouncements. Shockingly, it sometimes makes up references.

　　ChatGPT在说实话、避免伤害他人、平等地对待他人方面也缺乏道德准则。ChatGPT不会透露其消息来源。对信息进行评估需要检查其来源的可靠性和动机，但ChatGPT只会给出玄奥神妙的断言。令人震惊的是，它有时会编造参考来源。

　　ChatGPT and other large language models are useful tools with many applications, but their problems provide valuable insights into the limits of current AI. Intelligence requires explanation based on a causal understanding of the world and not just prediction. Human intelligence is not just predictive processing because it also excels at pattern recognition, explanation, evaluation, selective memory, and communication. ChatGPT has the potential to increase the amount of real information available to people, but it is also a powerful tool for generating and spreading misinformation. Intelligent communication depends on values and ethical principles about accuracy and benefitting people rather than harming them.

　　ChatGPT和其他大型语言模型在很多应用场景下都是有用的工具，但它们存在的问题为当今人工智能的局限性提供了有价值的参考。智能需要能够根据对世界因果关系的理解来进行解释，而不仅仅是预测。人类智力不只是预测处理，因为人们还擅长模式识别、解释、评估、选择性记忆和交流。ChatGPT有潜力增加人们可以获得的真实信息的数量，但它也是产生和传播错误信息的强大工具。智能沟通取决于在准确性、令人受益而不是对人有害等方面上的价值观和道德准则。

　　So should people stop using ChatGPT? No, it can be used with caution, like a search engine that may take you to bogus Web sites full of misinformation. ChatGPT forces the user to be extra-vigilant because you cannot know where the information originates since it is a statisticalamalgamof what is available in Web sites, electronic books, and similar sources. Instead ofbuyer beware, you shouldaccentuatethe warning: browser beware.

　　所以人们应该停用ChatGPT吗?不是的，你可以谨慎地使用它，因为它就像一个搜索引擎，可能把你带到充满错误信息的虚假网站。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

　　本文节选自：Psychology Today（今日心理学）

　　发布时间：2023.2.23

　　作者：Michelle Quirk

　　原文标题：Why Is ChatGPT So Smart and So Stupid?

　　词汇积累

　　1. allegory

　　/??l?ɡ?r?/

　　n.寓言

　　2. syntax

　　/?s?nt?ks/

　　n. 句法，句法规则; (计算机语言的)句法，语构; 句子结构分析法; 句法学

　　3.oracular

　　/??r?kj?l?/

　　adj.神谕的；谜似的；玄妙深奥的

　　4. amalgam

　　/??m?lɡ?m/

　　n.[材] 汞合金，[化工] 汞齐；混合物

　　5. accentuate

　　/?k?s?nt???e?t/

　　vt.强调；重读

　　词组搭配

　　1.buyer beware 交易安全；买方注意

　　写作句总结

　　I have similarly been impressed by other answers to questions both deep and mundane.

　　结构：I have similarly been impressed by … both deep and mundane.

　　在…上，我也同样对其深度和务实度感到惊讶。

　　例句：I have similarly been impressed by her speech stamps both deep and mundane.

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