2022年北京中考英语高频知识点圈画(2)

栏目:教育培训  时间:2023-01-10
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  今天刘老师为大家整理的是2022中考英语精华知识点全汇总,一定要认真学习,完全吃透哦!

  一.英语语法重点与难点

  1、 as…as…结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

  You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.

  2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:

  The man was too angry to be able to speak.

  The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.

  (2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换:

  He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

  The book is too difficult for me to read.=

  The book is not easy enough for me to read.

  3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义:

  约翰不象迈克那么苯。

  John is not so stupid as Mike.

  John is less stupid than Mike.

  John is cleverer than Mike.

  4、 用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。

  John is taller than any other boy in the class.

  John is the tallest boy in the class.

  5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:

  The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

  The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

  6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:

  More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

  Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

  二.中考考点—词组

  1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思

  after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?

  如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的

  in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中

  如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走

  2. how long, how often, how soon

  how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?

  how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。

  how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?

  3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

  few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”

  few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词

  several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思

  some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量

  4. the other, another

  the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood>

  another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书

  5. spend, take, cost, pay

  spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书

  take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

  cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

  pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

  6. among, between

  between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)

  7. beat, win

  这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

  win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

  8. agree with, agree>

  agree>

  agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

  agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

  9. bring, take, carry,fetch

  这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

  bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

  take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。

  carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。

  fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

  10. each, every

  两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。

  11. no>

  no>

  none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。

  12. go>

  这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go>

  13. too much, much too

  二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。

  too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?

  (1)作名词词组 如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

  (2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Don’t drink too

  much wine. 不要饮太多的酒

  (3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much. 她说话太多

  14. happen, take place与occur

  happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!

  occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

  事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

  take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。

  15. in front of, in the front of

  in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

  in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板

  16. noise, voice, sound

  这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

  sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声

  noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。

  voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权。

  17. arrive, get, reach

  三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?

  get之后通常接介词to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

  reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。

  三.情态动词

  1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法

  [考点快忆] 表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”,may“也许;可能”,might“或许”;表示否定推测的情态动词有:can t“不可能”, couldn t“不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。

  2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语

  [考点快忆] 回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn t或don t have to。回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn t。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustn t 或can t。

  3.考查情态动词的意义

  [考点快忆] must “必须”;have to“不得不”;need “必须;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“将;会;愿意;要”;should“应当”。

  “had better (not) + 动词原形”表示建议;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did。

  四. There be 的句子结构

  There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

  肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

  be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:

  There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser>

  (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

  否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

  There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

  There aren t any books>

  (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

  肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn t / aren t.

  -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

  -Yes, there is. 有。

  -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

  -No, there aren t. 没有。

  (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

  某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

  There s>

  有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

  -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

  -There s>

  (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

  How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

  五. 中考对定语从句的考查:

  1.定语从句的功用和结构

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

  This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

  2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

  关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

  1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

  I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

  The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

  2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

  The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

  3. 作定语

  关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

  What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

  The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

  4. 作状语

  I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

  三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

  1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

  The person who broke the window must pay for it.

  The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

  2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

  Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

  Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

  3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

  The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

  I know the boy whose father is a professor.

  4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

  A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

  Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

  5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

  I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

  Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

  6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

  I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing>

  7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

  This is the house where we lived last year.

  The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

  四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

  That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

  which we had lived in for ten years.

  五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

  1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

  (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:

  All that he said is true.

  (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:

  He is the>

  (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

  He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

  (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

  This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

  (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

  He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

  2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:

  (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

  The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

  (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

  The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

  考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

  

  2022中考英语热点话题

  北京冬奥会英语知识考点集锦

  the motto of Beijing 2022 主题口号

  

  “Together for a Shared Future” is the official motto of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. The motto represents the power of the Games to overcome global challenges as a community, with a shared future for humankind.

  奥运主题口号是奥运会重要的标志性核心内容。北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会主题口号——“一起向未来”!中国向世界发出的诚挚邀约,在奥林匹克精神的感召下,与世界人民携手共进、守望相助、共创美好未来。

  motto:主题口号;格言

  Winter Paralympic Games:冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会

  

  北京2022年冬奥会会徽:冬梦

  Winter Dream -

  The inspiration of the emblem design comes from the Chinese character for winter -- “冬”. A stylised, calligraphic rendition of the Chinese character, which infuses Chinese culture with contemporary artistic elements, projects a new image of China in a new era, demonstrating the country's commitment to a successful Winter Games. It also heralds the realisation of China's Winter Olympic Dream, namely, to encourage more Chinese people to take part in winter sports, to build China into a sporting power, and to promote winter sports and the Olympic Movement around the world.

  会徽以汉字“冬”为灵感来源,运用中国书法的艺术形态,将厚重的东方文化底蕴与国际化的现代风格融为一体,呈现出新时代的中国新形象、新梦想,传递出新时代中国为办好北京冬奥会,圆冬奥之梦,实现“三亿人参与冰雪运动”目标,圆体育强国之梦,推动世界冰雪运动发展,为国际奥林匹克运动做出新贡献的不懈努力和美好追求。

  The upper part of the emblem resembles a skater and its lower part a skier. The ribbon-like motif in between, full of rhythm, stands for the host country's rolling mountains, Games venues, ski courses and skating tracks. The ribbons, as artistically expressed in the emblem, give a touch of festivity and are an indication that the Games coincide with the celebrations of the Chinese New Year.

  会徽图形上半部分展现滑冰运动员的造型,下半部分表现滑雪运动员的英姿。中间舞动的线条流畅且充满韵律,代表举办地起伏的山峦、赛场、冰雪滑道和节日飘舞的丝带,为会徽增添了节日喜庆的视觉感受,也象征着北京冬奥会将在中国春节期间举行。

  The emblem's primary colour of blue represents dreams and the future, as well as the purity of ice and snow. The colours of red and yellow, which draw on those of China's National Flag, represent passion, youth and vigour.

  会徽以蓝色为主色调,寓意梦想与未来,以及冰雪的明亮纯洁。红黄两色源自中国国旗,代表运动的激情、青春与活力。

  The presentation of the words “Beijing 2022”, a nod to the art of Chinese calligraphy and paper-cutting, adds to the harmony of the entire emblem.

  在“BEIJING 2022”字体的形态上汲取了中国书法与剪纸的特点,增强了字体的文化内涵和表现力,也体现了与会徽图形的整体感和统一性。

  

  冰墩墩

  Bing Dwen Dwen

  冰墩墩的原型来自大熊猫,是来自未来的冰雪运动专家。

  It's a cartoon image of a panda wearing a spacesuit. It looks like a winter sports athlete from the future.

  这是一个穿着宇航服的熊猫的卡通形象。它看起来像来自未来的冬季运动运动员。

  "Bing" means "ice" in Chinese, which is a symbol of winter sports. "Dwen" suggests health. "Dwen Dwen" gives the image a more friendly feel. Altogether, "Bing Dwen Dwen" shows the spirit of the Olympics, including a strong mind and a healthy body.

  “冰”在汉语中是“冰”的意思,是冬季运动的象征。“墩”暗示健康。“墩墩”给了更友好的形象。总之,“冰墩墩”展示了奥林匹克精神,包括强壮的头脑和健康的身体。

  

  雪容融

  Shuey Rhon Rhon

  It looks like a red lantern hanging on homes and streets to celebrate Chinese New Year. On its head are paper cuts of pigeons in the shape of the Temple of Heaven.

  它看起来像挂在家里和街上的庆祝中国新年的红灯笼。它的头上是天坛形状的鸽子剪纸。

  "Shuey" means "snow" in Chinese. "Rhon Rhon" are two different Chinese characters with the same pronunciation. The mascot, "Shuey Rhon Rhon", symbolizes communication among different cultures.

  “Shuey”在汉语中是“雪”的意思。“容融”是两个发音相同的不同汉字。吉祥物雪容融象征着不同文化之间的交流。

  competition venues 比赛场馆

  At the 2022 Winter Olympics, There are 12 competition venues in total. The competition venues are spread across three different zones: Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou.

  北京2022年冬奥会将在北京、延庆、张家口3个赛区布局12个竞赛场馆。

  Olympic medal 奖牌设计

  The medals which means togetherness, inspired by yu bi, a circular Chinese jade artifact dating back 5,000 years, each has carvings of the Olympic rings on one side and inscribed with the words "XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022".

  奖牌设计代表团结,灵感来自5000年前的圆形中国玉器玉璧,每枚奖牌的一面都有奥林匹克五环的雕刻,并刻有“2022年北京第二十四届冬季奥运会”字样。

  2022北京中考完形填空题型解题技巧

  完形填空题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型,它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点。

  完形填空不仅考查词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法,还考查学生逻辑推理和事理推断能力。

  今天刘老师向大家分享完形填空的解题技巧,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

  

  一、解题步骤

  1.通读全文,了解大意

  先认真阅读整篇文章的首尾句及每一段的首尾句,了解文章主旨,然后快速通读全文,掌握文中的时间、地点、人物及事件,结合选项初步弄清短文写了什么,准确地预测和推断短文大意。千万不要读一句填一句,因为完形填空题中所给的大多数选项填入后,单句可成立,但从全文看却是错误的 。

  2.瞻前顾后,逐步填空

  了解文章大意之后,即可逐步填空。一般来说,文章后面所给的选项可分三类:一类是语法正确,但意思不对;另一类是意思正确,但语法错误;第三类是语法正确,意思也正确。在选择答案时,不仅要考虑到上下文的意思,还要考虑到句子的结构、习惯用法,固定搭配和词类的功能,尽量使选出的答案既符合语法又符合原文的意思。

  3.认真反复,适当调整

  填完所有答案后,还应通读一遍全文,检查填空后的文章是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法结构是否正确。一般来说,如果意思连贯,情节合理,语法结构正确,就意味着选答没有问题;如果发现个别填空让文章文理不通,语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整。

  

  二、答题技巧

  1.前后照应

  利用上下文信息,选择正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时,我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通,遇到这种情况,我们应细读上下文,正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题:

  【例】What do I remember about my childhood(童年时代)? There were good things and bad things. We used to live ______, and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.

  A. in a town B. on a farm

  C. on a busy street D. in a city

  【解析】 B,本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是有可能的,语法上都说得通。但通过下文“my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep”提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村,正确答案选B。

  2.逻辑推理

  主要类型有:因果,并列,转折,否定等。

  【例】When we talked, I discovered some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _____than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.

  A. shorter B. longer

  C. earlier D. later

  【解析】B,本文主要讲述美国与中国校园生活的不同,这句话是对美国和中国每节课时间进行比较,通过上下文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”与“We usually have forty-five minutes in each class”得到答案是B。

  3.固定搭配

  需要熟练掌握英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配知识。

  【例】When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention ____ what he or she is speaking.

  A. to B. for

  C. of D. that

  【解析】 A,pay attention to是固定搭配,意思是注意、关注。

  4.词义辨析

  在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时,必须要考虑文章语境选择最佳,还应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。

  【例】A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?

  A. think B. guess

  C. know D. understand

  【解析】C,本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗?

  5.中心主旨

  文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。

  【例】I had wanted to become president of the Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff's team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his_______. The fact that it has made a difference in other people's lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!

  A. luck B. spirit

  C. life D. success

  【解析】 D,本文讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后,“我”受邀参加了曾经是对手的Jeff的竞选团队,并在其中发挥了很大的作用,帮助Jeff竞选成功,也得到了启发:不管是在什么位置上,只要自己发挥了作用,这就是真正的奖励,并会给自己带来美好的感受。本题说我也是他成功中的一部分,所以选择success。

  6.情景还原

  【例】The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my _____. I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.

  A. eye B. face

  C. heart D. mouth

  【解析】D,情景还原,由后文的I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.可知,一定是用嘴 mouth 去said。故选择mouth。

  

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