2022年全国管理类联考真题及参考答案：难不难先测试一下！

　　一、管理类联考综合能力-数学部分参考答案今年数学难度在可控范围，按照考试至少选15题答对没问题，就是题目出的灵活度高，解析几何考的少，排列组合概率容易做，实数代数计算题出的多，总体拿高分不容易，基础分没啥问题。以下是初步整理：（一）、问题求解1、一项工程施工3天后，因故障停工2天，之后工程队提高工作效率20%，仍能按原计划完成，则原计划工期为（ ）。A.9天 B.10天 C.12天 D.15天 E.18天2、某商场的成本利润为12%，若其成本降低20%而售价不变，则利润率为（ ）。A.32% B.35% C.40% D.45% E.48%天3、设x,y为实数，则f(x,y)=x+4xy+5y-2y+2的最小值为（ ）。A.1 B.1/2 C.2 D.3/2 E.34、如图，△ABC为等腰直角三角形，以A为圆心的圆弧交AC于D，交BC于E，交AB的延长线于F，若曲边△CDE与BEF的面积相等，（易考教育）则AD/AC=（ ）。A.根号3/2 B.2/根号5 C.根号（3/π） D. 根号π/2 E.根号（2/π）5、如图，已知相邻的圆都相切，从这6个圆中随机取2个，这2个圆不相切的概率为（ ）。A.8/15 B.7/15 C.3/5 D.2/5 E.2/36、如图，在棱长为2的正方体中，A,B是顶点，C.D是所在棱的重点，则四边形ABCD的面积为（ ）。A.9/2 B.7/2 C.3根号2/2 D.2根号5 E.3根号27、桌上放有8只杯子，将其中的3只杯子翻转（杯口朝上与朝下互换）作为一次操作，8只杯口朝上的杯子经过n次操作后，杯口全部朝下，则n的最小值为（ ）（易考教育）。A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 E.88、某公司有甲乙丙三个部门，若从甲部门调26人到丙部门，则丙部门是 甲部门人数的6倍；若从乙部门调5人到丙部门，则丙部门的人数与乙部门人数相等。甲，乙两部门之差除以5的余数为（ ）。A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3 E.49、在直角△ABC中，D为斜边AC的中点，以AD为直径的圆交AB于E，若△ABC的面积为8，则△AED的面积为（ ）。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.610、一个自然数的各位数字都是105的质因数，且每个质因数最多出现一次，这样的自然数有（ ）。A.6 B.9 C.12 D.15 E.2711、购买A玩具和B玩具各1件需要花费1.4元，购买200件A玩具和150件B玩具需花费250元，则A玩具的单价为（ ）。A.0.5 B.0.6 C.0.7 D.0.8 E.0.912、甲乙两支足球队比赛，比分为4:2，且在比赛过程中乙队没有领先过，则不同的进球顺序有（ ）种。A.6 B.8 C.9 D.10 E.1213、4名男生和2名女生随机站成一排，女生既不在两端也不相邻的概率为（ ）。A.1/2 B.5/12 C.3/8 D.1/3 E.1/514、已知A,B两地相距208KM，甲乙丙三车的速度分别为60KM/小时，80KM/小时，90KM/小时，甲乙两车从A地出发去B地，丙车从B地出发去A地，三车同时出发，当丙车与甲乙两车的距离相等时，用时（ ）。A.70 B.75 C.78 D.80 E.8615、如图，用4种颜色对图中五块区域进行涂色，每块区域涂一种颜色，且相邻的两块区域颜色不同，不同的涂色方法有（ ）。A.12 B.24 C.32 D.48 E.96（二）、条件充分性判断16.如图，AD与圆相切于点D，AC与圆相交于BC。则能确定△ABD与△BDC的面积之比。（1）已知AD/CD （2）已知BD/CD答案：B17、设实数X满足|x-2|-|x-3|=a,则能确定X的值。（1）0＜a≤1/2 （2）1/2＜a≤1答案：A18、两个人数不等的班数学测验的平均分不相等，则能确定人数多的班。（1）已知两个班的平均成绩 （2）已知两个班的总平均值答案：C19、在△ABC中，D为BC边上的点，BD,AB,BC成等比数列，则∠BAC=90°。（1）BD=DC （2）AD⊥BC答案：B20、将75名学生分为25组，每组3人。能确定女生的人数。（1）已知全是男生的组数和全是女生的组数。（2）只有1号男生的组数和只有1号女生的组数相等。答案：C21、某直角△的三边长a,b,c成等比数列，则能确定公比的值。（1）a是直角边（2）c是斜边答案：D22、已知x为正实数，则能确定x-1/x的值。（1）已知根号x+1/根号x的值（2）已知x-1/x的值答案：B23、已知a,b为实数，则能确定a/b的值。（1）a,b,(a+b)为等比数列。（2）a（a+b）＞0答案：E24、已知正数列｛an｝,则｛an｝为等差数列（1）an+1-an=2n，n=1,2，……（2）a1+a3=2a2答案：C25、设实数a,b满足|a-2b|≤1，则|a|＞|b|。（1）|b|大于1 （2）|b|＜1答案：A二、管理类联考综合能力-逻辑部分参考答案

　　26、百年党史充分揭示了中国共产党为什么能、马克思主义为什么行、中国特色社会主义为什么好的历史逻辑、理论逻辑、 实践逻辑。面对百年未有之大变局，如果信念不坚定，就会 陷入停滞彷徨的思想迷雾，就无法应对前进道路上的各种挑 战风险，只有坚持中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、 制度自信、文化自信才能把中国的事情办好，把中国特色社 会主义事业发展好。（易考教育）

　　A、如果坚持“四个自信”就能把中国的事情办好

　　B、只要信念坚定，就不会陷入停滞彷徨的思想迷雾

　　C、只有信念坚定，才能应对前进道路上的各种挑战风险

　　D、只有充分理解百年党史揭示的历史逻辑，才能将中国特 色社会主义事业发展好

　　E、如果不能理解百年党史揭示的理论逻辑，就无法遵循百年党史的实践逻辑

　　27、“君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。何当共剪西窗烛，却 话巴山夜雨时。”这首《夜雨寄北》是晚唐诗人李商隐的名 作，一般认为这是一封“家书”，当时诗人身处巴蜀,妻子在 长安,所以说“寄北”，但有学者提岀，这首诗实际上是寄给友 人的。

　　以下哪项如果为真,最能支持以上学者的观点？

　　A.李商隐之妻王氏卒于大中五年，而该诗作于大中七 年。

　　B.明清小说戏曲中经常将家庭塾师或官员幕客称为“西席” “西宾”

　　C.唐代温庭筠的《舞衣曲》中有诗句“回颦笑语西窗 客，星斗寥廖波脉脉”

　　D.该诗另一题为《夜雨寄内》，“寄内”即寄林妻子，此 说得到了许多人的认同

　　E.“西窗”在古代专指客房、客厅、起自尊客于西的 先秦古礼。并被后世习察日用

　　28、（易考教育）退休在家的老王今晩在“焦点访谈” “国家记忆” “自然传 奇” “人物故事” “纵横中国”这5个节目中选择了3个节 目观看，老王对观看的节目有如下要求：

　　(1)如果观看“焦点访谈”，就不观看"人物故事”；

　　(2)如果观看“国家记忆”，就不观看"自然传奇”。

　　根据上述信息，老王一定观看了如下哪个节目？

　　A.“纵横中国”

　　B."国家记忆”

　　C.“自然传奇”

　　D.“人物故事”

　　E.“焦点访谈”

　　29、2020年全球供排放量减少大的24亿吨。近远大于之前的创 的记录降幅，同比二我期间下降9亿吨，2009年金融危机最 严重时下降5亿吨，非政府组织全球碳计划(GCP)在其年度评 估报说，由于各国在新冠肺炎疫情期间采取了封闭和限制措 施，汽车使用量下降了一半左右，2020年的碳排放量同比下 降了创纪录的7% 以下哪项如果为真，最能支持GCP的观点。

　　A. 2020年碳指放量下得最明显的国家或地区是美国和欧

　　B.延缓气候变化的办法不是停止经济活动，而是加速向 低碳能源过渡

　　C.根据气候变化《巴黎协定》，2015年后的10年全球每年需减排10-20亿吨

　　D.2020年在全球各行业减少的碳排放放总量中，交通运 输由用占比例最大

　　E.随着世界经济的持续复苏，2021年全球碳排放量同比 下降可能不超过5%

　　30、某小区2号楼1单元住户都打甲公司疫苗，小李家不是该小区 2号楼1单元住户，小赵家都打了甲公司疫苗，而小陈家没有 打甲公司疫苗。

　　根据以上陈述，可以得出以下选项：

　　A.小李家都没有打甲公司疫苗

　　B.小陈家是该小区2号楼1单元住户

　　C.小陈家是住户，但不是2号楼1单元

　　D.小赵家是2号楼住户，但未必是1单元

　　E.小陈若是该小区2号楼的住户，则不是1单元

　　31、某研究团队研究了大约4万名中老年人的核进其报成像数据，自我心理评估等资料。

　　发现经常有孤独感的研究对象和没有通独感的研究对象在大 脑的默认网络区域存在显著差异。默认网络一组参与内心思 考的大脑区域，这些内心思考包括回忆旧事、规划未来、想 象等。孤独者大脑的默认网培联结更为紧密。其灰质容积更 大。研究人员由此认为。大脑默认网络的结构和功能与孤独 感存在正相关。以下哪项如果为真，最就支得上述研究人员 的观点？

　　A.人们在回忆过去，假设当下或预想未来时会使用默认网 络。

　　B.有预独感的人更多地使用想象，回忆过去和憧憬未来以克服社交隔离。

　　C.感觉孤独的老年人出现认知衰退和患上痴呆症的风险更高，进而导致部分脑区萎缩。

　　D.了解孤独感对大脑的影响。拓展我们在这个领域的认 知，有助于减少当今社会的孤独现象。

　　E.穹窿是把信号从海马体输送到默认网络的神经纤维束， 在研究对象的大脑中，这种纤维束得到较好的保护

　　32、关于张、李、宋、孔4人参加植树活动的情况如下：

　　(1)张、李、孔至少有2人参加

　　(2)李、宋、孔至多有2人参加

　　(3)如果李参加，那么张、宋两人要么都参加，要么都不参 加。

　　根据以上陈述，以下哪项是不可能的？

　　A.宋、孔都参加

　　B.宋、孔都不参加

　　C.李、宋都参加

　　D.李、宋都不参加

　　E.李参加、宋不参加

　　33、2020年下半年，随着新冠病毒在全球范围内的肆虐及流感季 节的到来，很多人担心会出现大范围流感和新冠疫情同时爆发的情况。但是有病毒学家发现，2009年甲型H1N1流感毒 株出现时，自1977年以来一直传播的另一种甲型流感病毒株 消失了，由此他推测，人体同时感染新冠病毒和流感病毒的 可能性应该低于预期。（易考教育）

　　以下哪项如果为真，最能支持该病毒学家的推测？

　　A.如果人们继续接种流感疫苗，仍能降低同时感染这两种 病毒的几率。

　　B.一项分析显示，新冠肺炎患者中大约只有3%的人同时 感染另一种病毒。

　　C.人体感染一种病毒后的几周内，其先天免疫系统的防御 能力会逐步增强。

　　D.为避免感染新冠病毒，人们会减少室内聚集、继续佩戴 口罩、保持社交距离和手部卫生。

　　E.新冠病毒的感染会增加参与干扰素反应的基因的活性， 从而预防该病毒在细胞内进行复制。

　　34、补充胶原蛋白已经成为当下很多女性抗衰老的手段之一。她 们认为:吃猪蹄能够补充胶原蛋白，为了美容养颜，最好多吃 些猪蹄。近日有些专家对此表示质疑，他们认为多吃猪蹄其实并不能补充胶原蛋白。

　　以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述专家的观点？

　　A.猪蹄中的胶原蛋白会被人体的消化系统分解，不会直接 以胶原蛋白的形态补充到皮肤中。

　　B.人们在日常生活中摄入的优质蛋白和水果、蔬菜中的营 养物质，足以提供人体所需的胶原蛋白。

　　C.猪蹄中胶原蛋白的含量并不多，但胆固醇含量高、脂肪 多，食用过多会引起肥胖，还会增加患高血压的风险。

　　D.猪蹄中的胶原蛋白经过人体消化后会被分解成氨基酸等 物质，氨基酸参与人体生理活动，再合成人体必需的胶原蛋 白等多种蛋白质。

　　E.胶原蛋白是人体皮肤、骨骼和肌腱中的主要结构蛋白， 它填充在真皮之间，撑起皮肤组织，增加皮肤紧密度,使皮肤 水润而富有弹性。

　　35、某单位有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸10名新 进员工，他们所学专业是哲学、数学、化学、金融和会计5 个专业之一，每人只学其中一个专业，已知：

　　(1)若甲、丙、壬、癸中至多有3人是数学专业，则丁、庚、 辛3入都是化学专业；

　　(2)若乙、戊、己中至多有2人是暂学专业，则甲、丙、庚、 辛4人专业各不相同。

　　根据上述信息，所学专业相同的新员工是

　　A.乙、戊、己

　　B.甲、壬、癸

　　C.丙、丁、癸

　　D.丙、戊、己

　　E. 丁、庚、辛

　　36、H市医保局发出如下公告，自即日起，本市将新增医保电子凭证 就医结算。社保卡 将不再作为就医结算的准一凭证。本市所有定点医疗机构均 已实现医保电子凭证的实时结算:本市参保人员可凭医保电子 凭证就医结算，但只有将医保电子凭证激活后才能扫码使用， 以下哪项最符合上述H市医保局的公告内容？

　　A.H市零定点医疗机构没有实现医保电子凭证的实时结 算。

　　B.可使用医保电子凭证結算的医院不一定都是H市的定点 医疗机构。

　　C.凡持有社保卡的外地参保人员,均可在H市定点医疗机构 就医结算。

　　D.凡已激活医保电子凭证的外地参保人员,均可在H市定点 医疗机构使用医保电子凭证扫码就医。

　　E.凡未激活医保电子凭证的本地参保人员，均不能在H市定点医疗机构使用医保电子凭证扫码結算。

　　37、宋、李、王、员4人均订阅了《人民日报》《光明日报》

　　《参考消息》《文汇报》中的两种报纸，每种报纸均有两人 订阅，且各人订同的均不完全相同，另外，还知道':(1)如果 吴至少订阅了《光明日报》《参考消息》中的一种，则李订 阅了《人民日

　　报，而王未订阅《光明日报》：

　　(2)如果李、王两人中至多有一人订阅了《文汇报》，则宋、 吴均订闵了《人民日报》。

　　如果李订阅了《人民日报》，则可以得出以下哪项？

　　A.宋订阅了

　　B.宋订阅了

　　C.王订阅了

　　D.吴订阅了

　　E.吴订阅了

　　38.在一项噪声污染与鱼类健康关系的实验中，研究人员将 已感染寄生虫的孔雀鱼分成短期噪声组、长期噪声组和对照 组。短期噪声组在噪声环境中连续暴露24小时，长期噪声组 在同样的噪声中暴露7天，对照组则被置于一个安静环境 中。在17天的监测期内，该研究人员发现，长期噪声组的鱼 在第12天开始死亡，其他两组鱼则在第14天开始死亡以下 哪项如果为真，最能解释上述实脸结果？

　　A.噪声污染不仅危害鱼类，也危害两栖动物、鸟类和爬行 动物等。

　　B.长期噪声污染会加速寄生虫对宿主鱼类的侵害，导致鱼 类过早死亡。

　　C.相比于天然环境，在充斥各种声的养殖场中，鱼更容易 感染寄生虫。

　　D.噪声污染使鱼类既要应对寄生虫的感染又要排除噪声干 扰，增加鱼类健康风险。

　　E.短期噪声组所受的噪声可能引起了鱼类的紧张情绪，但 不至于损害它们的免疫系统。

　　39、节日降至，某单位拟为职工发放福利品，每人可在甲到庚7 种商品中选择其中的4种逬行组合，且每种组合还要满足如 I下要求：

　　①若选甲，则丁、戊、庚3种中至多选其一，

　　②若丙、己2中至少选一种，则必选乙但不能选戊 以下哪项组合符合上述要求：

　　A.甲、丁、戊、己

　　B,乙、丙、丁、戊

　　C.甲、乙、戊、庚。

　　D.乙、丁、戊、庚

　　E.甲、丙、丁、己

　　40、幸福是一种呈现愉悦的心理体验，还是一种认知和创造生活 的能力，在日常生活中，每个人如果也能发现当下不足，也 能确立前进的目标，并通过实际行动改进不足和实现目标， 就能始终保持对生活的乐观精神，而有了对生活的乐观精 神，就会拥有幸福感，生活中大多数人都拥有幸福感，遗憾的是，也有一些人能发现当下的不足，并通过实际行动去改进，但他们却没有幸福感：

　　A.生活中大多数人都有对生活的乐观精神

　　B,个人的心理也是个体的一种行为能力

　　C,如果能发现与当下的不足并努力改进，就能拥有幸福感

　　D.那些没有幸福感的人即使发现当下的不足，也不愿通过 行动去改变

　　E.确立前进的目标并通过实际行动实现目标，生活中有些人没能做到这一点

　　41-42:本科生小刘拟在4个学年中选修甲、乙、丙、丁、 戊、己、庚、辛8门课程，每个学年选修其中的1-3门课程， 每门课程均在其中的一个学年修完。同时还满足：

　　①后3个学年选修的课程数量均不同；

　　②.丙已和辛课程安排在一个学年，丁课程安排在

　　紧接其后的一个学年；

　　③若另4学年至少选修甲、丙、丁中的1门课程

　　则第1学年仅选修戊、辛2门课程。

　　41.如果乙在丁之前的学年选修，则可以得出哪项？

　　A. 乙在第1学年选修

　　B.乙在第2学年选修

　　C. 丁在第2学年选修

　　D. 丁在第4学年选修

　　E. 戊在第1学年选修

　　42.如果甲、庚均在乙之后的学年选修，则可以得出哪项？

　　A.戊在第1学年选修

　　B.戊在第3学年选修

　　C.庚在甲之前的学年选修

　　D.甲在戊之前的学年选修

　　E.庚在戊之前的学年选修

　　43、习俗因传承而深入人心，文化因凄续而繁荣兴盛。传统节日 带给人们的不只是快乐和喜庆还塑造着影响至深的文化自 信。不忘历史才能开辟未来善于继承才能善于创新。传统节日只有不断融入现代生活，其中的文化才能得以凄续而繁荣 兴盛才能为人们提供更多心灵滋养与精神力量。根据以上信 息，可以得出以下哪项？

　　A.只有为人们提供更多心灵滋养与精神力量，传统文化才 能得以延续而繁荣兴盛

　　B.若传统节日更好地融入现代生活，就能为人们提供更多 心灵滋养与精神力量

　　C.有些带给人们欢乐和喜庆的节日塑造着人们的文化自信

　　D.带有厚重历史文化的传统将引领人们开辟未来

　　E.深入人心的习俗将在不断创新中被传承

　　44、当前，不少教育题材影视剧贴近社会现实，直击子女升学， 出国留学，代际冲突等教育痛点，引发社会广泛关注。电视剧一阵风，剧外人急红眼，很多家长触“剧”生情，过度代入，焦虑情绪不断增加，引得家庭“鸡飞狗朋肾’，家庭与学 校的关系不断紧张。有专家由此指出，这类教育影视剧只能 贩卖焦虑，进一步激化社会冲突，对实现教育公平于事无补。

　　以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述专家的主张？

　　A.当代社会教育资源客观上总是有限且分配不平衡，教育竞争不可避免。

　　B.父母过度焦虑则导致孩子间暗白攀比，重则影响亲子关 系，家庭和睦。

　　C,教育影视剧一旦引发广泛关注，就会对国家教育政策走向产生重要影响

　　D.教育影视剧提醒学校应明确职责，不能对义务教育实行 “家长承包制”

　　E.家长不应成为教育焦虑的“剧中人”，而应该用爰包容 孩子的不完美。

　　45-46:某电影院制定未来一周的排片计划。他们决定，用二 至周日（周一休息）每天放映动作片、景疑、科幻、记录、战争、历史6类型中的一种，各不重复，已知排片还有如下要 求：

　　①如果周二或周五放映悬疑片，则周三放映科幻片

　　②如果周四或周六放悬疑片，则周五放战争片

　　③战争片必须在周三放

　　45:根据以上信息，可以得出以下哪项？

　　A.周六放科幻片

　　B.周日放悬疑片

　　C.周五放动作片

　　D.周二放记录片

　　E..周四放历史片

　　46.如果历史片的放映日期，既与纪录片相邻，又与科幻片 相邻，则可得出以下哪项？

　　A.周二放纪录片

　　B.周四放纪录片

　　C.周二放动作片

　　D.周四放科幻片

　　E.周五放动作片

　　47、有些科学家以为，基因调整技术能大幅延长人类寿命。他们 在实验室中调整了一种小型土壤线虫的两组基因序列，成功 将这种生物的寿命延长了5倍，他们据此升车，如果将延长 线虫寿命的科学方法应用于人类，人活到500岁就会成为可 能。

　　以下最能质疑上述科学家的观点？

　　A.基因调整技术可能会导致下一代中一定比例与个体失去 繁殖能力

　　B.即使将基因调整技术成功应用于人类，也只会有极少数 人活到500岁

　　C,将延长线虫寿命的科学方法应用于人类，还需要经历较 长一段时间

　　D.人类的生活方式复杂而多样，不良的生活习惯和心理压 力会影响身心健康

　　E.人类寿命的提名幅度不会像线虫那样简单倍增，200岁 以后寿命再延长基本不可能

　　48、贾家的邻居易某在自家的阳台侧面安装了空调外机，空调一 开外机，就像贾家卧室窗户方向吹热风。贾某对此。贾某对 此叫苦连连，于是。于是找到易某协商此事，易某回家说， 现在哪家没装空调，别人安装就行，偏偏我家就不行。对于 易某的回答，以下哪项最为恰当？

　　A,易某的行为虽影响了贾家的生活，但易某是正常行使自己的权利

　　B,易某行为已经构成对甲权利的侵害，应立即停止这种侵 权

　　C,易某转移论题问题不是能不能安装空调行为，而是安装 空调该不该影响邻居

　　D,某没有将心比心，因为甲也可以对一某卧室窗户处安装 空调外机

　　E,易某空调外机的安装，不应该正对贾家卧室不能只顾自 己享受，而让贾家受罪

　　49、王，李，周，丁4人，分别爱好诗歌，戏剧，散文，小说， 且各不相同，4人分别创作不同的作品，形式各不相同，且 创作的作品形式和爱好的不同，

　　[1]王没有创作诗歌，则李爱好小说

　　[2]王没有创作诗歌，则李创作小说

　　[3]王创作诗歌，则李爰好小说且周爱好散文

　　——49题，可以得岀哪项？

　　A.王爱好散文

　　B.李爰好戏剧

　　C.周爱好小说

　　D.丁爱好诗歌

　　E.周爱好戏剧

　　50、王，李，周，丁4人，分别爱好诗歌，戏剧，散文，小说， 且各不相同，4人分别创作不同的作品，形式各不相同，且 创作的作品形式和爱好的不同，

　　[1]王没有创作诗歌，则李爱好小说

　　[2]王没有创作诗歌，则李创作小说

　　[3]王创作诗歌，则李爱好小说且周爱好散文

　　如果丁创作散文，则可得出？

　　A.周创作小说

　　B.李创作诗歌

　　C.李创作小说

　　D.周创作戏剧

　　E.王创作小说

　　51、有科学家进行了对比实验:在一些花坛中种金盏草，而在另外 一些花坛中未种植金盖草。他们现:种了金盖草的花坛攻瑰长 得很繁茂，而未种金盏草的花坛，玫瑰却呈现病态，很快就枯萎了。以下哪项如果为真，最能解释上述现象？

　　A.为了利于玫瑰生长某园艺公司推荐种金盏草而不是直接喷洒农药。

　　B.金盏草的根系深度不同于玫瑰，不会与其争夺营养，却可保持土壤湿度。

　　C.金盏草的根部可分泌出一种杀死土壤中害虫的物质。使玫瑰免受其侵害。

　　D.玫瑰花花坛中的金盏草常被认为是一种杂草，但它对玫瑰的生长，具有奇特的作用。

　　E.花匠会对种金盖草和玫瑰花的花坛拖肥较多，而对仅种玫瑰花的花坛施肥偏少。

　　52、李佳，贾元，夏辛，丁东，吴悠5位大学生暑期结伴去皖南旅游，对于5人将要游览的地点，他们却有不同想法。

　　李佳:若去龙川，则也去呈坎；

　　贾元;龙川和徽州古城两个地方至少去一个;夏辛:若去呈坎， 则也去新安江山水画廊；

　　丁东:若去徽州古城，则也去新安江山水画廊;吴悠:若去新安 江山水画廊，则也去江村。

　　事后得知，5人的想法都得到了实现，根据以上信息，上述5 人游览的地点，肯定有：

　　A,龙川和呈坎

　　B.江村和新安江山水画廊

　　C.龙川和徽州古城

　　D.呈坎和新安江山水画廊

　　E,呈坎和徽州古城

　　53、胃底腺息肉是所有胃息肉中最为常见的一种良性病变，最常 见的是散发型胃底腺息肉，它多发于50岁以上人群。研究人 员在研究10万人的胃镜检查资料后发现，有胃底腺息肉的患者无人患胃癌，而没有胃底腺息肉的患者中有172人发现有 胃癌。他们由此断定，胃底腺息肉与胃癌呈负相关，以下哪项为真，最支持上述研究人的断定？

　　A,有胃底腺息肉的患者绝大多数没有病史

　　B,病史在研究人员研究的10万人中，50岁以下的占大多 数。

　　C,在研究人员研究的10万人中，有胃底腺息肉的人仅占了4%

　　D,有胃底腺息肉的患者罹患萎缩性胃炎，胃溃疡的几率显著降低

　　E,胃内一日有胃底腺息肉，往往意味着没有感染致癌物“幽门螺杆菌” 。

　　54-55题基于以下题干

　　某特色建筑项目评选活动设有纪念建筑、观演建筑、会堂建筑、商业建筑、工业建筑5个门类的奖项，甲乙丙丁戊己6个 建筑师均有2个项目入选上述不同门类的奖项，且每个门类有上述6人的2-3个项目入选，已知:(1)若甲或乙至少有一个 项目入选观演建筑或工业建筑，则乙丙入选的项目均是观演 建筑和工业建筑

　　(2)若乙或丁至少有一个项目入选观演建筑或会堂建筑，则 乙、丁、戊入选的项目均是纪念建筑和工业建筑(3)若丁至少有一个项目入选纪念建筑或商业建筑，则甲、己入选的项目均在纪念建筑、观演建筑和商业建筑之中。

　　54、根据上述信息，可以得出以下哪项？

　　A.甲有项目入选观演建筑

　　B,丙有项目入选工业建筑

　　C.丁有项目入选商业建筑

　　D.戊有项目入选会堂建筑

　　E.己有项目入选纪念建筑

　　55、若己有项目入选商业建筑，则可以得出以下哪项？

　　A.己有项目入选观演建筑

　　B.戊有项目入选工业建筑

　　C.丁有项目入选商业建筑

　　D.丙有项目入选观演建筑

　　E.乙有项目入选工业建筑

　　三、管理类联考综合能力-中文写作部分参考答案56、论证有效性分析默默无闻、无私奉献，虽然是人们尊崇的德行，但这种德行其实不能成为社会的道德精神。

　　一种德行必须借助大众媒体的传播，让大家受其感染，并化为自觉意识，然后才能成为社会的道德精神。但是，无私奉献的精神所存在的特点是不事张扬、不为人知。既然如此，它就得不到传播，它就不可能成为社会的道德精神。

　　退一步讲，无私奉献的善举经媒体大力宣传后为更多的人所了解，这就从根本上使这一善举失去默默无闻的特性。既然如此，这一命题就无从谈起了。

　　再者，默默无闻的善举一旦被媒体大力宣传，当事人必然会受到社会的肯定和赞赏，而这就是社会对他的回报，既然他从社会得到了回报，怎么还可以说是无私奉献呢？

　　由此可见，默默无闻、无私奉献的德行注定不可能成为社会的道德精神。简要解析：默默无闻,无私奉献,虽然是人们尊崇的德行,但这种德行其实不能成为社会的道德精神。（原文中心论点）一种德行必须借助大众媒体的传播,让大家受其感染,并化为自觉意识,然后才能成为社会的道德精神。（条件不充分）但是,无私奉献的精神所以存在的行为特点是不事张扬、不为人知。既然如此,它就得不到传播,也就不可能成为社会的道德精神。（论据不支持结论的或有他果）退一步讲,无私奉献的善举经媒体大力宣传后为更多的人所了解,这就从根本上使这一善举失去了默默无闻的特性。既然如此,这一命题就无从谈起了。（核心概念混淆：媒体不宣传的默默无闻与当事者不自我张扬的默默无闻概念混淆）再者,默默无闻的善举一旦被媒体大力宣传,当事人必然会受到社会的肯定与赞赏（条件不支持结论的或有他果）,而这就是社会对他的回报,既然他从社会得到了回报,怎么还可以说是无私奉献呢?（两个无私奉献核心概念混淆）由此可见,默默无闻、无私奉献的德行注定不可能成为社会的道德精神。

　　57.论说文鸟类会飞是因为他们在进化中不断优化了其自身的机构。飞行是一项较为特殊的运动，鸟类的躯体进化成了适合飞行的流线型；飞行也是一项需要付出高能量代价的运动，鸟类增强了翅膀、胸肌部位的功能，又改进了呼吸系统，以便给肌肉持续飞行提供能量。同时，鸟类在进化过程中舍弃了那些沉重的、效率低的身体部件。简要解析：题干给出的材料信息有两方面内容：鸟类会飞一方面是不断改进优化自身结构以强化飞的特性；另一方面是舍弃不利于飞行的身体器件。所对应的其实是“扬弃”的思辨哲学，即事物在发展过程中要不断发扬旧事物中的积极因素，抛弃旧事物中的消极因素。围绕这一主题可适当延伸至企业发展或国家层面进行论述。四、英语（二）参考答案

　　2022年全国硕士硏究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题

　　Section I Use of EnglislishDirection: Read the following text.. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET- (10points}Harlan Coben believes that if you^e a writer, you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priori^ and you*re not a writeL For him writing is a 1 job-a job like any other He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out thal a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not _4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determinalion and single-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are familly 6 often have to do other woik to 7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it's a 8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching televison or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an 13 activity ralher than a daily, time-consuming 14 There’ll probably have to be less socialising with your fnends an less time with your family. It's a 15 learning curve and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing—and that's reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it’s the one 17 supporter—something you can’t do withoutTime is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefiilly and as 19 as we can, that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, that means— 20 一writing.

　　

　　Section U Reading ComprehensionPart A

　　Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text l

　　On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked can Others drink water with the cows_ This all seems random, but it's by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.Hiese eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I'm excited about our progress,^ says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets fbr the chickens to eat The birds' waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements "allow our hens to fbiage fbr higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that wesupply to our customers."The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supennaiket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a bard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such fanning also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment Young adults ^really care about the planet/ says John Brumquell, president of Egg Innovations. "They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they^e doing"

　　

　　Text 2

　　More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that thieatens to upend the old woorforce modelOne in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-said they would be employed in theii later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.

　　Financial needs aren't the only culprit fbr the "umetirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fiilfiUment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of "unretire" respondents said that they would retuni to work once retiied to keep menially fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet Can Congress save the economy? Fed chair says US debt is ‘on unsustainable path’” Auto industry is still a boys’club at the top despite GM CEO Mary Banas success.The concept of retirement is evolving, “said Christine Russell senior manager of retiremail al TDAmeritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retiieineiil.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of thepopulation 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3. 2% fom the prior year, according to the U.S. Census .Bureau. That's also up 30.2% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U. S workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workfbice in Febraaiy, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans, Amaicans are also boosting their savings to preserve theii nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed which surveyed 2, (XX) adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretires”, are increasing their savings in anticipalion of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insuiance or maximizing theii contributions lo retiremenl accounts. Seniors are living longer, but planning for the extended years is key.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retiiemeni are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-fbimder al Baltimore-based fmancial-phnning finn Facet Wealth. He suggested thai preretiree should speak with a financial adviser loSet long-term financial goals."The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring”,Weiss said, "It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire"

　　

　　Text 3

　　We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was Later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intenlionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns. First corned m 2010 by user experience expert Hany Brignull, "daik pattems" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel," where a user experience seems easy and inruitive at the start, bin turns difficult when the user tries to gel out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still cot well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/irser experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible fbr sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception."Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to adress the ambiguity around dark pattems, most recently at the stale leveL In March, the California Attomey General announced the approval of additional regulations under the Califbmia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that Mensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark patterns - this means prohibiting companies from using "confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to dick through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out."As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, bu! also to industry best practices and standards.

　　

　　Text 4

　　Although ethics classes are commoh around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.Hie researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat They chose this particular beha*ior fbr three reasons, according to study co-author Eric SchwitzgebeL, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literatuie largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and finial suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-fermed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester - nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent - and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent."That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intenreniion, “Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile. Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.

　　

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G fbr each numbered paragraphs (41-45) There are two extra subheadings which you do not need touse. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　

　　How to Get Active Again

　　Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-Limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start And ifs important to gel the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,”says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you retum to exercise safely after a break

　　C

　　Don't try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells fbr three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 leps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do ovemight” say Keri L. Denay, MD, lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages American to not overlook the benefits of activity duiing the pandemic. But you will reap benefits such as anxiety and improve sleep right away.

　　E

　　If you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immedialely.

　　A

　　Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami HospitaL All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a woikoul on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.

　　F

　　Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you’re hitting the ball, Paddle like you’re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can gel out there again.

　　B

　　Exercising with others "can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you^e more likely to do it again,^ Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around youi neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as you stiength tram oi stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Translate the following text ftom English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as oiiginally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and in time (often through repeated error) to realise that when one door closes and, another opens.You quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents, and this means thinking outside the box will become second nature to the painter.In fart, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.尽管我们尽全力，但有时我们的画作很少能呈现出最初计划的那样，但是有时我们的画卷很少会像原来计划的那样。光线变化/光线的改变，绘画材料的限制，经验不足以及技术的缺乏，这些都意味着你有时最开始尝试去实现的事情，可能不会以你期待的方式来到你的生命里。尽管这令人失望挫败，但事实证明其实与你有益。出乎意料的结果有两大好处∶ 你很快学会如何应对失望的情绪，意识到当一扇门关闭的同时，还会有其他门打开。你还能迅速了解如何适应并针对现行画作研究出有创造力的解决方案。因此用标新立异的思考/跳出固定思维/跳出固有思维模式会成为你的第二特质。事实上，在日常生活中，用创新的思路能有效解决问题/创造性的问题解决技能在日常生活中非常有用，这意味着当问题出现时，你更有可能快速想出解决方案。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an e-mail to the intemational students in your university to

　　introduce the food festival, and

　　invite them to participate.

　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the emaiL Use wLi Ming" instead. (l0points)

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write abom 150 words on lheANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　

　　2018-2020年我国快递业务量变化情况(单位：十亿）

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