Ekwing 中考复习专辑 ｜ 阅读理解 5 类常见题型分析（附中考真题）

　　原标题：Ekwing 中考复习专辑 | 阅读理解 5 类常见题型分析（附中考真题）

　　六月中旬

　　大部分地区将陆续迎来中考

　　为助力大家

　　在剩下的两个月时间里

　　高效复习 精准备考

　　翼课融媒推出了—— 中考复习专辑系列

　　详细讲解中考英语常见题型

　　本篇带来的是中考英语

　　——阅读理解题

　　解题攻略

　　

　　PART.1

　　阅读理解题概况

　　阅读理解是中考英语中的“重头戏”，题量大，分值多。正所谓“成也阅读，败也阅读”，在120的满分中，阅读理解能占到30-40分，这就提醒考生们在平时做题过程中要高度重视阅读理解。

　　首先，我们来看看同学们在做阅读理解时会遇到哪些常见的问题以及相应的解决措施：

　　解决措施：利用空余时间多练习阅读理解题目，可以每天都做一篇，练习做题的手感，调整好做题的心态。其次，要掌握好不同题型的解题方法，做题时先看问题抓住重点再阅读。

　　2.搞不定长难句，面对语篇中出现的长难句、复合句，许多考生无法理解句意，导致对语篇全文的理解也会出现偏差。

　　解决措施：学会对句子进行成分分析，根据主谓宾结构提炼出句子的关键词，理解长句的主要意思即可，不必过分关注生词。同学们在平时的学习过程中，可以每日固定练习长难句分析。

　　PART.2

　　解题步骤

　　1.读问题，明确重点：拿到阅读理解题时，不要急着看文章，先看给出的问题，标记问题中的重点信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，同时将标记的信息尽量记在脑海中。

　　2.阅读语篇，定位信息：根据问题中标记的关键信息，快速浏览全文，将阅读的重点放在文章的段首句，转折句和整篇文章的最后几句，明确每段主要内容，定位关键信息的具体位置。

　　3.根据选项抉择答案：根据找到的精确信息为依据，问什么答什么，选择最匹配的答案即可。每道题都要把四个选项进行对比，答案没有对的，只有更好的。

　　4.复核答案：做完题目，在时间充裕情况下复读全文，从语篇整体进行考虑，理解其内在联系和逻辑，检查选项是否正确。

　　PART.3

　　解题策略

　　根据阅读理解题的问题，其常见的题目可以分为这么几类：归纳概括题、词义猜测题、细节理解题、逻辑推理题、代词指代题等，下面为大家分享各题型的解题方法和技巧：

　　归纳概括题

　　一般来说，归纳概括题会要求概括短文大意，归纳中心思想或选择短文标题，主要考察学生对文章中心思想的理解和领会能力。

　　解答这类题型时要重点关注文章的首尾两段，如果首尾两段表达的主旨一致，文章的主旨便在这两段重复表达的内容中，找出选项中与首尾段主旨表达重复最多的即可。

　　如果首位两段表达的主旨思想不一致，则需要根据文章的段落结构来判断哪一段为主旨段，尾段出现的可能性更大，再根据主旨段选择一个最合适的即可。

　　标题选择是主旨句的压缩表达，同学们首先要注意抓住主旨句，再进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，最后考虑最合适的选项即可。

　　【2021 年福建省中考英语真题】

　　Orion believes that everyone wins this race. He says, "If you are kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and inspire them to pass on kindness. And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place."

　　55.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A.Practice makes perfect.

　　B.One is never too old to learn.

　　C.Believing in yourself is the first step to success.

　　D.Roses given to others, sweet smell left in your hand.

　　答案:D

　　解析:主旨大意题。根据最后一段的总结可知，人人都可以帮助他人，爱是可以传递的，正所谓“送人玫瑰，手有余香”，故选“Roses given to others, sweet smell left in your hand.”。

　　词义猜测题

　　词义猜测题一般是选取段落中的一个生词，要求考生猜测词义或者对其在特定段落中的意义进行猜测，需要通过联系上下文和构词法来做题。解答此类题目时，同学们首先要熟练掌握大纲单词，注重词汇的拓展延伸学习，其次要联系上下文，注意词汇的位置，把词放到句子中，把句子放到段落中去理解。

　　【2021 年福建省中考英语真题】

　　Learning to be more self-aware is a skill, which means you learn it as you grow. So be boldand try out new things, like playing a new sport or listening to different kinds of music. Don't be afraid to dislike something —— discovering what you find difficult is a key part of learning more about yourself.

　　63.What does the underlined word"bold"in the last paragraph probably mean in Chinese?

　　A.努力的

　　B.自豪的

　　C.大胆的

　　D.耐心的

　　答案:C

　　解析:词义猜测题。根据文中的“…try out new things, like playing a new sport or listening to different kinds of music.”可知作者鼓励人们要大胆尝试新事物，故选“大胆的”。

　　细节理解题

　　细节理解题可直接从文章中去寻找答案，经常考察的有时间、地点、方式、过程、结果、人物之间的关系，词汇句子的含义等。

　　细节理解题设题方式相对单一，主要是针对某些容易混淆的细节进行提问，难度较小，属于浅层理解题目。题目类型主要包括：

　　1)是非判断

　　Which of the following statements is （Not）True?

　　2)特殊疑问词提问

　　What/Who/When/Where/How/Why…?

　　3)排序题类型

　　Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?

　　……

　　解答此类题目首先是要找出题目和选项中的关键字，一般为数字、人名或地名，再通过跳读快速定位信息的出处，通过比对关键信息与选项，抉择出答案。

　　细节理解题，出题者常用改动细微处，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，替换观点等来迷惑考生，在答题时要多注意句子的非主干成分如定语、状语、补语等。

　　【2022 年广州市中考英语真题】

　　She used a thin board as the base. Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry Amy wrapped it up.

　　A few days later, Amy's family had a big dinner at her grandparents' new house. She handed her gift to her grandparents.

　　32.How did Amy finally deal with the broken plate pieces？

　　A.She sent them to an art store.

　　B.She put them in her father's car.

　　C.She made a special gift with them.

　　D.She threw them into a rubbish bag.

　　答案: C

　　解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board.”以及倒数第三段的“She handed her gift to her grandparents.”可知Amy用盘子的碎片制作了一份礼物送给祖父母，故选“She made a special gift with them.”。

　　逻辑推理题

　　逻辑推理题为重点题型，一般占到阅读理解题的 30% 左右，着重考察学生的逻辑判断、归纳概括等能力。

　　这类题型要求考生纵观全文，在对全文有把握的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，判断事件的前因后果，人物的性格和动机等，需要通读全文后根据关键的信息来分析判断。

　　解答此类题型要注意两点：一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文章没有的信息不能跳出原文做判断，在此基础上结合文章的细节做出判断即可。

　　此外，除非文章中作者的观点比较绝对，否则选项中出现绝对化的词要立即排除。（none，must，only，never，all)

　　【2022 年广州市中考英语真题】

　　Looking at the small pieces，Amy felt really terrible. She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and ...

　　31.Why did Amy feel sorry for the broken plates?

　　A.They were never used by the family.

　　B.They were valuable holiday presents.

　　C.They were meaningful family treasures.

　　D.They were expensive hometown products.

　　答案: C

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第六段的“She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and...”可知这些盘子是从曾祖父母那里传下来的，由此可判断这些都是有意义的家族财宝，故选“They were meaningful family treasures.”。

　　代词指代题

　　代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词所指代的内容，属于理解类题目，难度可大可小。常考的标志词有:it,that,this,one,these,those等。

　　解这类题时，同学们可以根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。

　　【2022 年深圳中考冲刺题】

　　Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting. Thosemight be worth trying. Maybe the teacher who is watching over all the kids needs someone to talk to as well. Whatever you want to do, don't let your time go to waste.

　　2. What does the underlined word "Those" refer to?

　　A.New friends.

　　B.Chess and paper cutting.

　　C.Teachers.

　　D.Books.

　　答案：B

　　解析：代词指代题。根据划线单词前的内容"Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting."可知those指代国际象棋和剪纸，故选"Chess and paper cutting."。

　　【2022 年广州市中考英语真题】

　　When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles， you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.

　　The first step toward helping others is to identifythat they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However， sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.

　　The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.

　　26.What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A.To discuss why people help each other.

　　B.To describe the problems of giving help.

　　C.To introduce the advantages of giving help.

　　D.To explain how we can help others properly.

　　27.What does the underlined word "identify" in paragraph 2 mean?

　　A.Require. B.Discover. C.Suggest. D.Remember.

　　28.What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

　　A.Act as a good listener to your friends.

　　B.Learn how to give advice to your friends.

　　C.Pay attention to your friends' unusual acts.

　　D.Build good relationships with your friends.

　　29.According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don't follow your advice on their serious problems?

　　A.Keep their problems as secrets.

　　B.Let them make their own decisions.

　　C.Find out the causes of their problems.

　　D.Get help from their trusted teachers.

　　滑动查看题目答案

　　▼

　　26.答案: D

　　解析: 写作意图题。根据文章第一段的“This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.”以及后面的具体说明可知这篇文章说的是当朋友有麻烦时，我们要懂得怎么样帮助他们，故选“To explain how we can help others properly.”。

　　27.答案: B

　　解析:词义猜测题。根据前文意思可知，这里说的是要帮助别人的第一步，又根据后面的“It's important to make sure when to help a friend.”可知我们要知道什么时候去帮别人，所以这里应该说的是我们要认识到他们需要帮助。require需要; discover意识到;suggest建议;remember记得，故选“Discover.”。

　　28.答案: A

　　解析:主旨大意题。根据段首的“The next step toward helping others is to listen.”以及后面的具体说明可知这段要告诉我们怎么去倾听，故选“Act as a good listener to your friends.”。

　　29.答案: C

　　解析:推理判断题。根据文中的“As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things form their perspectives.”可知如果在很严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该设法弄明白朋友的感受和经历，尽量从他们的角度去看问题，弄清楚问题的原因，故选“Find out the causes of their problems.”。

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