人的教育福禄培尔的教育伦理思想分析-human education analys

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　　摘要

　　人的教育是福禄培尔教育伦理思想的核心。福禄培尔认为教育的基本目的是 开启人智慧的生活，以及对人的意志和至善品性的培养，教育要顺应自然本性的 发展，遵循自然适应性原则，采取合理性的教导，达到身心的健全和道德的完善， 成为“完人”、“完全的人”、“完善的人”。福禄培尔关于人的教育的思想在 实践中有完整的应用。他对幼儿期、少年期和学生期的人的教育目的、任务和方 法分别作了论述，对每个时期的教育侧重点进行了阐述，形成了独具特色的学前 教育体系，为幼儿园运动提供了价值合理性依据，对学前教育的发展做出了历史 性的贡献。福禄培尔继承了卢梭和佩斯泰洛奇的教育思想，崇尚儿童个性的自由 发展，强调自然的教育，注重内发而反对外铄；他把学前期的幼儿园教育同学龄 期学校教育连接起来，把学校教育和家庭生活及社会生活的教育联系起来，他对 儿童的活动、游戏等的教育意义做了许多极有价值的论述，他依据儿童的成长顺 序，说明儿童的自发的身体活动、游戏活动、家事活动以及体力劳动的教育价值。 依据福禄培尔的教育思想，教育者要尊重儿童的天性，顺应儿童的自然发展，给 予合理性引导；遵循生命的完整性和连续性，完善人的发展；尊重人的个性，崇 尚生命的独特性和多样性；提倡生活化教育，培养勤劳和节制的美德；提倡生命 化德育，追寻生命的意义。这些思想至今对当今的中国教育具有理论参考价值和 实践意义。

　　关键词： 福禄培尔 人的教育 伦理思想 现实启示

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　　Abstract

　　Human's education is the core of Frobel’s educate ethics thought. He holds that the basic goal of education is to open the person’s wisdom of life, as well as to cultivate person's will and the ultimate good moral raise, the education must comply with the natural disposition development, follows the natural compatible principle, adopts the rational guidance, achieves the body and mind perfect and the moral consummation, becomes “the complete human”,“the complete person”,“the consummation person”. Frobel’s educate thought about person has the complete application in reality.

　　He discoursed upon person's educational purpose, mission and methods that he expects to the infancy, the neanic and the student time, he has carried on the elaboration to each time's education emphasis point and formed the preschool education system which is characteristic, it has provided the value rationality basis for the kindergarten movement and made the historical contribution to the preschool education development.

　　Frobel inherit Rousseau and Pais Tayloe's wonderful education thought that advocates the child individuality free development, stressed the natural education, pays great attention to inside stimulation Instead of outside melts. He connected the study of the earlier period of kindergarten to the stadium school education, and also connected the school education to