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　　本文将从社会人格学的角度分析米切尔的《飘》中的几位主角（郝思嘉，郝爱兰，白瑞德，卫希礼，韩媚兰）的心理和情感关系。 

　　《飘》讲述了19世纪美国南北战争期间的故事。郝思嘉是南方农民郝嘉乐与妻子郝爱兰的女儿。

　　 这是当黑嬤嬤试图教育思嘉礼仪时后者的视角：

　　  I’m tired of everlastingly being unnatural and never doing anything I want to do. I’m tired of acting like I don’t eat more than a bird, and walking when I want to run and saying I feel faint after a waltz, when I could dance for two days and never get tired. I’m tired of saying, ’How wonderful you are!’ to fool men who haven’t got one-half the sense I’ve got, and I’m tired of pretending I don’t know anything, so men can tell me things and feel important while they’re doing it...

　　 仅仅这一小段就能证明思嘉是逻辑型。她不在意社会的条条框框，并习惯于以接近本质的方式理解事物。思嘉很受邻居男孩们欢迎，但她爱的是从小认识的卫希礼。她认为希礼同样爱她，直到她的自尊被希礼和媚兰的订婚严重伤害。她对此作出了自己的解释：

　　

　　思嘉最明显的特征是拥有坚定的意志力和强烈的自信心。为了达成目标，她可以不计代价，也可以不择手段。思嘉所有的行为都属于很典型的感觉-逻辑外倾者SLE。

　　SLE眼中的世界充满竞争，不同的力量在互相倾轧；必须时刻关注这些力量以估算它们的动向。SLE能够无人能及地估计当下的情况。这个类型的意识不被伦理所限制。它是具体的，它的善变使它能够对当下的变化迅速做出反应。这是思嘉行为模式的一个典型例子：

　　

　　 这个年轻女孩迅速精准地评估了她自己和房子里其它手无寸铁的人所面临的危险。她毫不犹豫地做出了决定并立刻执行。这个选择可能是当时她和同伴们唯一的出路。

　　这一类型比起同情流泪，更容易做出实际行动来帮助对方。我们的女主思嘉面临困难：她的挚爱希礼的妻子媚兰即将生产，在北方人即将打过来时她却无法期望从外界得到帮助。她们必须离开，但思嘉无法把媚兰丢在危险中。

　　«They’re coming,» whispered Melanie undeceived and buried her face in the pillow. (…) Oh, Scarlett, you mustn’t stay here. You must go and take Wade.»

　　What Melanie said was no more than Scarlett had been thinking but hearing it put into words infuriated her, shamed her as if her secret cowardice was written plainly in her face.

　　 «Don’t be a goose. I’ m not afraid. You know I won’t leave you.»

　　 «You might as well. I’m going to die.» And she began moaning again (…)

　　It was all over. Melanie was not dead and the small baby boy who made noises like a young kitten was receiving his first bath at Prissy’s hands.

　　 这种行为可以被委婉地描述成不细心，是SLE面临复杂情况时表现出的典型特征。上面是一个此类型Fi薄弱表现的例子——绝不要怀疑SLE婆婆妈妈，即使是女性SLE也避免展现自己敏感的情感，有时她们看起来像是根本不需要这些情感一样。事实并非如此，在这一方面他们与其他人并无区别，然而他们将这些情感视作懦弱的表现。因此他们害怕展示这些，也不愿吐露。

　　 

　　SLE有时发现自己的生活中缺乏诸如神秘事物、模糊预感、飘渺的白日梦等元素（暗示Ni），从而欣赏能向他展示这些并丰富他精神的人。希礼的抒情、神秘，对音乐的热爱和柔弱的天性吸引着思嘉，他性格中带有的特征正是她极其缺乏的部分。

　　 

　　另一个主角也是同样的类型，SLE——这当然是白瑞德。下面是一些能够证明他性格类型判断的节选：

　　He was a tall man and powerfully built. Scarlett thought she had never seen a man with such wide shoulders, so heavy with muscles, almost too heavy for gentility. When her eye caught his, he smiled, showing animal-white teeth below a close-clipped black mustache. He was dark of face, swarthy as a pirate, and his eyes were as bold and black as any pirate’s appraising a galleon to be scuttled or a maiden to be ravished. There was a cool recklessness in his face and a cynical humor in his mouth as he smiled at her, and Scarlett caught her breath.

　　这一段是对瑞德的Se非常好的描述，他准备好征服并统治所有他看见的东西。当所有人都充满爱国热情并准备捍卫自己的价值观时，瑞德无视大众的意见并表达了与其完全相反的意见，而事情的进展最终证明瑞德的观点是正确的。瑞德非常灵活。他擅长抓住一切机会、规划自己的行动，并毫无顾忌地发起不义之财。

　　«And the Yankees help me make my money. Why, last month I sailed my boat right into New York harbor and took on a cargo.»

　　 «What!» cried Scarlett, interested and excited in spite of herself.

　　«Didn’t they shell you?»

　　«My poor innocent! Of course not. There are plenty of sturdy Union patriots who are not averse to picking up money selling goods to the Confederacy. I run my boat into New York, buy from Yankee firms, sub rosa, of course, and away I go. And when that gets a bit dangerous, I go to Nassau where these same Union patriots have brought powder and shells and hoop skirts for me. It’s more convenient than going to England. Sometimes it’s a bit difficult running it into Charleston or Wilmington—but you’d be surprised how far a little gold goes.

　　(…).They know the Confederacy will be licked eventually, so why shouldn’t they cash in on it?

　　瑞德偏好以直白的方式称呼事物而非使用委婉的词汇——就像思嘉一样：

　　Rhett said frankly that the crepe veil made her look like a crow and the black dresses added ten years to her age.

　　 

　　在思嘉和白瑞德的社会人格类型被正确判断之后，我们能看到他们二人具有相同的类型。

　　

　　 相等关系，取字面意思，是类型相同的人之间的关系。这种关系中的双方能够完全理解对方的动机和表现，因为所有功能上的元素都是一样的。

　　 有时相等伴侣会不喜欢这种理解——这种程度的思想透明一定程度上是会侵/犯隐私的。我们来看看白瑞德是如何直接理解思嘉全部的隐藏想法的——并且这有时导致对方害怕他。

　　Again he had made a graceful remark, the kind of compliment any gentleman would pay under such circumstances, but he did not mean a word of it. He was jeering at her. He knew she hadn’t loved Charles. And Melly was just a big enough fool not to see through him. Oh, please God, don’t let anybody else see through him, she thought with a start of terror. Would he tell what he knew?

　　(…).She looked up at him and saw that his mouth was pulled down at the corners in mock sympathy, even while he swished the fan. (…).

　　«Fear not, fair lady! Your guilty secret is safe with me!»

　　 «Oh,» she whispered, feverishly, «how can you say such things!»

　　 «I only thought to ease your mind» (…)She met his eyes unwillingly and saw they were as teasing as a small boy’s. Suddenly she laughed.

　　 

　　然而，我们必须知道社会人格学对心理类型的考虑是基于其他条件不变的情况下。思嘉和瑞德是同一个社会人格类型，不代表他们是完全一样的人格。首先，他们性别不同；其次，他们亚型不同；最后，瑞德比思嘉年长得多，这就是为什么思嘉经常在自己不熟悉的方面跟随他的思想。

　　 

　　同一个类型的人的心理差别通常是因为主要功能之一（主导或创造）的强化。思嘉的亚型和行为受较多Se和较少Ti的影响，白瑞德的行为反过来更受Ti影响。

　　Her audience was speechless with horror.

　　«I’m tired of sitting at home and I’m not going to do it any longer. If they all talked about me about last night, then my reputation is already gone and it won’t matter what else they say.»

　　It did not occur to her that the idea was Rhett Butler’s. It came so patly and fitted so well with what she was thinking. 

　　 

　　他们的婚姻关系也证明了他们都是SLE。两人都是天生的征服者，于是两人总在试图证明自己比对方强，而没有任何一方愿意退让。他们最终必须分开，因为他们的婚姻一旦没有妥协和至少其中一方的退让是没法维持的。

　　 严格来说，不同的相等伴侣是不一样的。两个SLE很难有幸福的婚姻，比如思嘉和瑞德；而两个一起避免冲突互相妥协的SEI或两个严格遵守伦理的ESI可能会幸福。

　　 

　　现在我们要分析思嘉的母亲爱兰的心理特征。她所有的行动都围绕着道德、人类交流的规矩和维持正常的生活方式进行。她的行为非常符合ESI类型。

　　 让我们回忆爱兰的典型行为。当她发现思嘉在为自己的丈夫服丧期间参加了慈善舞会，她给女儿写了一封信：

　　It is difficult for me to believe that you could so forget yourself and your rearing. I will pass over the impropriety of your appearing publicly while in mourning, realizing your warm desire to be of assistance to the hospital. But to dance, and with such a man as Captain Butler! I have heard much of him (as who has not?) and Pauline wrote me only last week that he is a man of bad repute and not even received by his own family in Charleston, except of course by his heartbroken mother. He is a thoroughly bad character who would take advantage of your youth and innocence to make you conspicuous and publicly disgrace you and your family (…).

　　«I am heartbroken to think that you could so soon forget yourrearing. I have thought of calling you home immediately but will leave that to your father’s discretion. He will be in Atlanta Friday to speak with Captain Butler and to escort you home.»

　　第一眼看去，这个类型细致、委婉而擅长妥协；然而ESI早晚会展现自己的意志，尤其是当自己重要的原则被打破时。此时的ESI会自信而坚决地行动。

　　There was a steely quality under her stately gentleness that awed the whole household, Gerald as well as the girls, though he would have died rather than admit it. (…). Mother had always been just as she was, a pillar of strength, a fount of wisdom, the one person who knew the answers to everything.

　　ESI擅长处理日常家务，节俭而勤勉。

　　From the day when Ellen first came to Tara, the place had been transformed. If she was only fifteen years old, she was nevertheless ready for the responsibilities of the mistress of a plantation. (…)

　　She quickly brought order, dignity and grace into Gerald’s household, and she gave Tara a beauty it had never had before (…)

　　She became the best-loved neighbor in the County. She was a thrifty and kind mistress, a good mother and a devoted wife. The heartbreak and selflessness that she would have dedicated to the Church were devoted instead to the service of her child, her household and the man who had taken her out of Savannah and its memories and had never asked any questions.

　　从这一段里我们能再次看见爱兰的传统主义：像ESI通常做的一样，她忠于作为她人生基础的原则。

　　最后，这里还有一段精准表现爱兰天性的选段：

　　Ellen’s life was not easy, nor was it happy, but she did not expect life to be easy, and, if it was not happy, that was woman’s lot. It was a man’s world, and she accepted it as such. The man owned the property, and the woman managed it. The man took the credit for the management, and the woman praised his cleverness. The man roared like a bull when a splinter was in his finger, and the woman muffled the moans of childbirth, lest she disturb him. Men were rough of speech and often drunk. Women ignored the lapses of speech and put the drunkards to bed without bitter words. Men were rude and outspoken, women were always kind, gracious and forgiving.

　　 

　　她的丈夫嘉乐是个暴躁粗鲁的人（这只是表面——他只是不喜欢展现情感）。爱兰的温和能抚平他的脾气，她也足够坚强，能花整个晚上在一个黑人老太太的床边帮她接生。

　　Gerald’s face had brightened as if by magic at her entrance.

　　«Is the brat baptized?» he questioned.

　　«Yes, and dead, poor thing,» said Ellen. «I feared Emmie would die too, but I think she will live.»

　　The girls’ faces turned to her, startled and questioning, and Gerald wagged his head philosophically.

　　«Well, ’tis better so that the brat is dead, no doubt, poor fatherle—»

　　«It is late. We had better have prayers now,» interrupted Ellen so smoothly that, if Scarlett had not known her mother well, the interruption would have passed unnoticed.

　　Let us notice that typical Guardians are tactful, avoid unnecessary conflicts, which we can see from the above fragment. Characters of spouses complement each other well, this is why.

　　这是典型的ESI式委婉，他们避免不必要的冲突。而我们可以从上面一段中看到这一点。夫妻的性格互补，所以

　　Gerald’s face had brightened as if by magic at her entrance. 

　　让我们现在来思考思嘉和母亲的关系。我们需要注意这两人并非平等关系，因为两者是母女——而社会人格学关系在两者地位平等时最明显。思嘉用最敏感的功能从母亲处学习行为标准。这个角色来自于Fi，它占据母亲的主导位置和女儿的薄弱位置。虽然从社会人格学理论的角度来看会很痛苦，但这种关系在母亲对女儿的教导中相当常见，她们之间的关系是母亲监督女儿。

　　

　　我们通常仰慕拥有自己所缺乏的品质的人，这里就是一个例子。思嘉真心希望变得像母亲一样有礼得体，但她总是失败，并且以后也不太可能成功。在了解她的天性后，我们甚至无法想象别人能够像这样在道德方面说教思嘉——她会立刻强烈反对。

　　 

　　现在我们来分析卫希礼，他被思嘉深深爱慕，在小说里的描写也很生动：

　　And now, for the first time in her life, she was facing a complex nature.

　　For Ashley was born of a line of men who used their leisure for thinking, not doing, for spinning brightly colored dreams that had in them no touch of reality. He moved in an inner world that was more beautiful than Georgia and came back to reality with reluctance. He looked on people, and he neither liked nor disliked them. He looked on life and was neither heartened nor saddened. He accepted the universe and his place in it for what they were and, shrugging, turned to his music and books and his better world.

　　希礼是少数知道这场战争有多无理的人，他知道它的根源并预见了邦联军队可悲的下场。这些想法使他郁闷，他对妻子媚兰描述到：

　　I am not afraid of danger or capture or wounds or even death, if death must come, but I do fear that once this war is over, we will never get back to the old times. And I belong in those old times. I do not belong in this mad present of killing and I fear I will not fit into any future, try though I may. Nor will you, my dear, for you and I are of the same blood. I do not know what the future will bring, but it cannot be as beautiful or as satisfying as the past. (…)

　　I should not write those words. I should not even think them. But you have asked me what was in my heart, and the fear of defeat is there (…).

　　We should have paid heed to cynics like Butler who knew, instead of statesmen who felt—and talked.

　　从上面我们能看到一个直觉型，最可能是IEI。我们知道这个类型的人能够预见眼前将要发生的事件，感知社群精神状态以及与微小的变化进行互动。就像其他的IEI一样，希礼能够感知到什么时候应该行动并理解危机情况。这个类型的人喜欢阅读小说。他们在自己的白日梦中参与各种虚构世界的浪漫冒险。

　　 

　　IEI是SLE的对偶，这大概可以解释为什么思嘉在他身上找到了自己缺乏的东西并非常爱他。

　　 

　　接下来是分析作为希礼的妻子和思嘉的“情敌”的媚兰的类型，以及这对夫妻之间的关系。下面这段小说片段能够表现媚兰的天性：

　　…she always saw the best in everyone and remarked kindly upon it. There was no servant so stupid that she did not find some redeeming trait of loyalty and kind-heartedness, no girl so ugly and disagreeable that she could not discover grace of form or nobility of character in her, and no man so worthless or so boring that she did not view him in the light of his possibilities rather than his actualities.

　　从这个片段里我们可以看到EII最典型的特征——努力优先发现任何人身上的优点。然而这一点与其他一些类型也相关，媚兰有更多的行为和动机让我们能够认为她是EII。

　　 

　　媚兰尤其突出的一点是她强烈的责任感。这是她在思嘉提出希礼可能为了保命向敌人发誓时非常愤怒的原因：

　　 «Why didn’t he take the oath and then desert and come home as soon as he got out of jail?»

　　Melanie turned on her like a small fury.

　　«How can you even suggest that he would do such a thing? Betray his own Confederacy by taking that vile oath and then betray his word to the Yankees! I would rather know he was dead at Rock Island than hear he had taken that oath. I’d be proud of him if he died in prison. But if he did THAT, I would never look on his face again. Never! Of course, he refused.»

　　媚兰并不害怕在愤怒的爱国南方人面前认同白瑞德对情况的实际评价。在这个情况下媚兰已经准备好坚持斗争到最后一口气，虽然EII平时通常是平和的、逃避冲突的人：

　　Melanie’s hands were shaking but she went on hurriedly, as though fearing her courage would fail her if she delayed

　　«I won’t be rude to him because of what he said, because — It was rude of him to say it out loud — most ill advised — but it’s — it’s what Ashley thinks. And I can’t forbid the house to a man who thinks what my husband thinks. It would be unjust.»

　　Mrs. Merriwether’s breath had come back and she charged.

　　«Melly Hamilton, I never heard such a lie in all my life! There was never a Wilkes who was a coward —»

　　«I never said Ashley was a coward,» said Melanie, her eyes beginning to flash. «I said he thinks what Captain Butler thinks, only he expresses it in different words. And he doesn’t go around saying it at musicales, I hope. But he has written it to me.»

　　 

　　还有一个重要的地方。EII的感觉功能非常弱。医疗和健康问题并不是这个类型天生擅长的领域，这会使他们迅速疲劳——而媚兰的工作是在医院里照顾受伤的士兵。然而，即使在这种情况下媚兰的责任感也在支持她。她对腐/烂/的伤口、破/碎/的/肢/体感到恶心，但她从不展现自己遇到的困难。

　　Melanie, however, did not seem to mind the smells, the wounds or the nakedness, which Scarlett thought strange in one who was the most timorous and modest of women. Sometimes when holding basins and instruments while Dr. Meade cut out gangrened flesh, Melanie looked very white. And once, alter such an operation, Scarlett found her in the linen closet vomiting quietly into a towel. But as long as she was where the wounded could see her, she was gentle, sympathetic and cheerful, and the men in the hospitals called her an angel of mercy.

　　 

　　那么媚兰和希礼之间的关系是怎样的？

　　 他们自我模块的元素都是直觉和伦理，所以他们有许多共同兴趣和相似之处。然而，他们其中一个是理性的，而另一个非理性，而且元素内外倾向不同，顺序相反。

　　

　　这是希礼对媚兰的描述：

　　«She is like me, part of my blood, and we understand each other. Scarlett! Scarlett! Can’t I make you see that a marriage can’t go on in any sort of peace unless the two people are alike?»

　　Some one else had said that: «Like must marry like or there’ll be no happiness.»

　　了解社会人格学的我们只能一部分同意希礼的说法。他和思嘉是对偶，所以思嘉直觉地受他吸引。然而，思嘉最终与白瑞德结婚，他的类型与她相同，但他们的婚姻最终破裂，而亚力姗德拉·雷普利在后续《郝思嘉》中写的重归于好在心理方面并不合理。

　　 

　　媚兰和希礼的婚姻是幸福的，但我们不能忘记他们都有权有势，因此可以在实际工作方面（逻辑和感觉，他们最弱的功能）依赖其他劳动力。另一方面，希礼出于同样的原因拜托他的对偶思嘉在战争时期照顾媚兰。实际上，思嘉后来的确凭借SLE典型的坚韧拯救了媚兰和她与希礼的儿子。换作是希礼，他完全没法做得像思嘉一样好。

　　 

　　我们需要注意的是，对偶通常注意不到对方。因为两者的两个主要功能都是不同的，这导致他们没有深入了解对方时无法找到共同兴趣。这是希礼劝思嘉放弃他时想表达的意思。然而由于思嘉是个天生的征服者，她没法忘记他，尤其是因为从社会人格学的角度看她的行为是合理的。要知道，即使在对称关系中，每个类型受到自带的特征影响也会有不同的表现。

　　 

　　最后，我们来分析思嘉和媚兰，SLE和EII之间的关系：

　　

　　值得注意的是这本小说里她们的关系由于嫉妒恶化——思嘉爱着希礼而后者娶了媚兰。思嘉对媚兰的态度是蔑视她的“丑陋”、脆弱、几乎是孩子气的弱小和无助。感觉型的确通常比直觉型更强壮、漂亮、身体健康。在这个方面思嘉作为SLE明显胜过EII媚兰，后者甚至有时感到自己和思嘉相比低等。

　　然而，当遇到涉及精神韧性的问题时，柔弱细心的媚兰要更胜一筹，而思嘉只能跟随前者的领导。让我们来重温媚兰反对大众对白瑞德的意见的一段：

　　Melanie was white and her eyes were enormous.

　　«I will speak to him again,» she said in a low voice. «I will not be rude to him. I will not forbid him the house.»(…)

　　«Now, why didn’t I have the gumption to say that?» thought Scarlett, jealousy mixing with admiration. «How did that little rabbit ever get up spunk enough to stand up to old lady Merriwether?»

　　读者可能要问了，既然我们认为白瑞德的类型和思嘉一样，他和媚兰的关系又是如何“冲突”的？小说里表现的并不是这样：瑞德尊重媚兰甚至支持她。例如在为军队慈善捐款时媚兰付出了她的结婚戒指，她对希礼的记忆和与他的联系，为了应对普遍存在的困难。瑞德将戒指赎回还给媚兰：

　　«I was crying because I’m so happy,» and suddenly she opened her clenched palm and pressed some object that was in it to her lips. «I’m so happy,» and burst into tears again.

　　Scarlett caught a fleeting glimpse and saw that it was a broad gold ring.

　　«Read it,» said Melly, pointing to the letter on the floor. «Oh, how sweet, how kind, he is!»

　　Scarlett, bewildered, picked up the single sheet and saw written in a black, bold hand: «The Confederacy may need the lifeblood of its men but not yet does it demand the heart’s blood of its women. Accept, dear Madam, this token of my reverence for your courage and do not think that your sacrifice has been in vain, for this ring has been redeemed at ten times its value. Captain Rhett Butler.»

　　 作者米切尔在这段中的表述其实是正确的。为什么瑞德会如此关心媚兰？而且为什么这种关心会被称为冲突？思嘉不喜欢媚兰的原因很明显，但为什么瑞德会如此不一样地对待她？

　　这个似乎矛盾的点很容易解释。冲突者可能在远距离看起来是有吸引力的，甚至唤起爱慕，因为对方的特质是自己没有的。还有，人们钦佩冲突者的地方正是他们自己最痛苦脆弱的核心。白瑞德对媚兰的态度也是这样。作为实用的怀疑论者，他尊重媚兰的精神世界、她对自己理想中人性的忠诚、和守卫这些理想的能量。

　　«If I am ’nicer’ to Mrs. Wilkes, it is because she deserves it. She is one of the very few kind, sincere and unselfish persons I have ever known. But perhaps you have failed to note these qualities. And moreover, for all her youth, she is one of the few great ladies I have ever been privileged to know», tells Rhett about Melanie.

　　同样地，媚兰对瑞德的态度无视大众的意见。她在指控和八卦面前维护他，因为他能够做到媚兰自己认为不可思议的现实行动，那些行动需要感觉和逻辑。瑞德的强功能和媚兰的弱功能：

　　«I think people are acting like chickens with their heads off about Captain Butler. I’m sure he can’t be all the bad things Dr. Meade and Mrs. Merriwether say he is. He wouldn’t hold food from starving people. Why, he even gave me a hundred dollars for the orphans. I’m sure he’s just as loyal and patriotic as any of us and he’s just too proud to defend himself. You know how obstinate men are when they get their backs up.»

　　 

　　我们每个人都偶尔能发现冲突者之间存在善意和支持的关系。但需要注意的是：这种关系总是存在隔阂。当双方更近地接触，或更糟——结婚，冲突和意见相悖就无法避免，这经常导致婚姻的破裂。