初中英语重难点：There be句型全面讲解，中考必

　　初一我们就 开始接触和学习There be句型，初中三年，我们一直在和There be句型打交道，它贯穿在很多语法学习中，常考的有There be的各种时态、主谓一致以及反义疑问句。

　　今天，奇速君整理了关于There be的知识点以及60道经典例题，例题包含了初中三年There be句型的所有考点，一定要认真做做~

　　

　　定义

　　There be 句型是英语中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。

　　其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地"作句子的状语,多是介词短语。

　　There is a football under the chair.

　　椅子下面有一个足球。

　　结构

　　There be +某物 / 某人 + 某地

　　动词be的确定

　　1）there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。

　　There is a flower in the bottle.

　　瓶里有一朵花。

　　There is some money in the purse.

　　钱包里有些钱。

　　There are some books on the desk.

　　桌子上有许多书。

　　2）若句子中有几个并列的主语时, be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致（就近原则）。

　　There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.

　　房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。

　　There are ten students and a teacher in the office.

　　办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。

　　There be 句型

　　肯定句

　　“There be+主语（某人/某物）+介词短语”，表示“（在）某地有某人/某物”。这里的be的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则，即合靠近be的主语保持一致。

　　具体地说，there后面第一个主语，若是单数时，be就用is/was;若是复数时be就用are/were。

　　There are three people in my family.

　　我家有三口人。

　　There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。

　　否定式

　　“There be +not+主语+介词短语”。There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后加not或no即可，但要注意的是句中的some改成any.

　　1. There is a knife in the kitchen.

　　否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.

　　2. There are five apples on the tree.

　　否定:There are not five apples on the tree.

　　3. There is some ink in the bottle.

　　否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.

　　4. There are some birds singing in the tree.

　　否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.

　　There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。

　　注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，所以not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。

　　1. There are not any books in the bag.

　　=There are no books in the bag.

　　2. There is no baby crying in the room.

　　=There is not any baby crying in the room.

　　3. There are no students in the classroom.

　　=There are not any students in the classroom.

　　4. There is not any milk in the bottle.

　　=There is no milk in the bottle.

　　疑问式

　　在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。

　　难点:句中出现的some要改成any。

　　肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.

　　否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.

　　结构：Be动词+there+主语……？

　　There is an apple on the tree.

　　Is there an apple on the tree?

　　肯定回答: Yes, there is.

　　否定回答: No, there isn’t.

　　There are five pens on the desk.

　　Are there five pens on the desk?

　　肯定回答: Yes, there are.

　　否定回答: No, there aren’t.

　　There is some water in the cup.

　　Is there any water in the cup?

　　肯定回答: Yes, there is.

　　否定回答: No, there isn’t.

　　特殊疑问句

　　“There be句型”的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

　　1.对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。

　　注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。

　　There are many things over there.

　　What’s over there?

　　There was a little girl in the room

　　Who was in the room?

　　2.对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。

　　There is a computer on the desk.

　　Where is the computer?

　　There were four children on the playground.

　　Where were the four children?

　　3.对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

　　How many+复数名词+are/were (there)+介词短语？

　　There’re many children in the park.

　　How many children are(there)in the park?

　　How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语？

　　There was little rain around the year.

　　How much rain was (there)around the year?

　　反义疑问句

　　There be的反义疑问句一般是以be作为反义疑问部分的助动词来用，它也遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则。

　　There is a cup on the table, isn't there?

　　该句前半句为肯定句，所以反义疑问句部分要采用否定的isn't。

　　There is no juice left in the bottle, is there?

　　该句前半句为否定句，所以反义疑问句部分要采用肯定的is。

　　时态

　　there be句式的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现，它可以有等多种时态形式：

　　■一般现在时

　　There is still room for improvement.

　　还有改进余地。

　　There is nothing to be done now.

　　现在没有办法了。

　　There is (some) milk in the fridge.

　　冰箱里有一些牛奶。

　　■一般将来时

　　There’s going to be trouble.

　　要出事了。

　　There will be rain next week.

　　下星期要下雨。

　　There will be bloodshed tonight.

　　今晚会发生流血事件。

　　There is going to be [will be] an English film tonight.

　　今晚将有一场英语电影。

　　■一般过去时

　　There was a lot to be done.

　　有很多事要做。

　　There wasn’t any change in him.

　　他没有什么变化。

　　There was a third reason for haste.

　　匆忙行事还有第三个理由。

　　There was nothing to fear from that quarter.

　　那方面没有什么可怕的。

　　There were some children swimming in the river.

　　有些小孩在河里游泳。

　　■现在完成时

　　There have been a lot of inquiries.

　　提出的询问有很多。

　　There have been a lot of enquiries.

　　进行过许多调查。

　　There have been many such accidents.

　　已发生了好几起那样的事故。

　　■过去完成时

　　There had been many such occasions.

　　曾有许多这种情况。

　　There had been two sea fights between them.

　　他们之间发生了两场海战。

　　There had been two sea fights between them.

　　他们之间发生了两场海战。

　　■过去将来时

　　There would be endless rows if I was at home.

　　如果我在家会有吵不完的架。

　　Then there would be a plebiscite.

　　那么就会举行公民投票。

　　情态动词的连用

　　There be句型也可以与情态动词连用。

　　其基本用法结构为：There+情态动词+be+名词主语+其他成分。

　　There may be a great exhibition in Shanghai next year.

　　There must be some cakes left in the box.

　　There used to be a hospital there before the war.

　　各种句型中的There be

　　There be句型也可以和be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to等常用句型连用。

　　其基本用法结构为：There+特殊句型+be+名词主语+其他成分。

　　There seem to be a big difference between the twins.

　　There is going to be a film in the village tonight.

　　There is likely to be a snowstorm.

　　There happened to be a man nearby.

　　There appeared to have been a tragic accident last week.

　　与其它动词的连用

　　There be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要，有时会被替换为其他行为动词（come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be 等）。

　　There came a breeze that his wife had eloped with her lover.

　　有谣言说他妻子与她情人私奔了。

　　Once upon a time, there lived a princess who was very beautiful.

　　从前，有一位非常美丽的公主。

　　There seems to be a knife and a forkon the table.

　　there be与have区别

　　1. there be句型表示某个时间或某个地方“存在”某人或某物；

　　而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物。have表示“有”的时候，主语一般是人。

　　I have a pen.

　　我有一支笔。

　　I have long hair.

　　我有长头发。

　　There be 一般指空间上的存在，

　　There is a cup on the table.

　　桌上有一个杯子。

　　There are four students in the classroom.

　　教室里有4个学生。

　　2. 第2个区别很明显，就是结构。

　　There be句型在表示“有”的时候，是there be +sb/sth+时间/地点，Be要根据后面的sb.或sth来变换相应的形式，同时要注意到时态。

　　There was a meeting in this room yesterday.

　　昨天这儿有个会议。(过去时)

　　而用have的时候，是sbhttp://www.yidianzixun.com/article/sth.+have+其他, have也要根据前面的主语和时态来变换相应形式。

　　He has two sons.他有两个儿子。

　　I had a dream.我曾有个梦想。（过去时）

　　3.一般情况下，在表达“有”的时候二者不能随便替换。

　　但也有用there be 和have都可以的情况，“当一句话前后两者的关系属于部分和整体的关系的时候”，两种表达都可以。

　　A week has seven days.

　　=There are seven days in a week.

　　一个星期有七天。

　　（7 days和a week是部分与整体的关系）

　　4.there be句型在根据后面名词变化的时候，通常因为涉及到单复数变化，be要变成is或are。但如果涉及到后面的sth出现既有单数又有复数的情况，那么be动词的变化，遵循“就近原则”。

　　说白了就是靠近be的那个sth是单数，be就变成is，是复数，就变成are.

　　There is an apple and some bananas on the table.

　　如果先说“香蕉”，那么就是

　　There are some bananas and one apple on the table.

　　There be的非谓语动词用法

　　There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

　　1、作主语

　　There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.

　　我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。

　　2. 作宾语

　　there to be可以用作expect、like、mean、intend、want、prefer等动词的复合宾语。

　　I expect there to be no argument about this.

　　我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。）

　　People don't want there to be another war.

　　人们不希望再有战争了。

　　有时也会用作介词的宾语，其形式一般为there being。

　　I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.

　　我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

　　3、作状语

　　作状语时，通常采用“there being”结构。

　　There being no one to help me, I had to do it all alone.

　　因为没有人帮助我，我不得不独立完成这项工作。

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